completely rewrote test suite for top level src files and all builtin files

src/builtin/alias.rs

@@ -38,21 +38,30 @@ pub fn alias(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
     write(stdout, alias_output.as_bytes())?; // Write it
   } else {
     for (arg, span) in argv {
-      if arg == "command" || arg == "builtin" {
+
+      let Some((name, body)) = arg.split_once('=') else {
+				let Some(alias) = read_logic(|l| l.get_alias(&arg)) else {
+					return Err(ShErr::at(
+						ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
+						span,
+						"alias: Expected an assignment in alias args",
+					));
+				};
+
+				let alias_output = format!("{arg}='{alias}'");
+
+				let stdout = borrow_fd(STDOUT_FILENO);
+				write(stdout, alias_output.as_bytes())?; // Write it
+				state::set_status(0);
+				return Ok(());
+      };
+      if name == "command" || name == "builtin" {
         return Err(ShErr::at(
           ShErrKind::ExecFail,
           span,
-          format!("alias: Cannot assign alias to reserved name '{arg}'"),
+          format!("alias: Cannot assign alias to reserved name '{}'", name.fg(next_color())),
         ));
       }
-
-      let Some((name, body)) = arg.split_once('=') else {
-        return Err(ShErr::at(
-          ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
-          span,
-          "alias: Expected an assignment in alias args",
-        ));
-      };
       write_logic(|l| l.insert_alias(name, body, span.clone()));
     }
   }
@@ -60,6 +69,7 @@ pub fn alias(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Remove one or more aliases by name
 pub fn unalias(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   let NdRule::Command {
     assignments: _,
@@ -103,3 +113,164 @@ pub fn unalias(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state::{self, read_logic};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+	use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_set_and_expand() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias ll='ls -la'").unwrap();
+
+    let alias = read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("ll"));
+    assert!(alias.is_some());
+    assert_eq!(alias.unwrap().body, "ls -la");
+
+    test_input("alias ll").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("ll"));
+    assert!(out.contains("ls -la"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_multiple() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias a='echo a' b='echo b'").unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("a")).unwrap().body, "echo a");
+    assert_eq!(read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("b")).unwrap().body, "echo b");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_overwrite() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias x='first'").unwrap();
+    test_input("alias x='second'").unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("x")).unwrap().body, "second");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_list_sorted() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias z='zzz' a='aaa' m='mmm'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("alias").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    let lines: Vec<&str> = out.lines().collect();
+
+    assert!(lines.len() >= 3);
+    let a_pos = lines.iter().position(|l| l.contains("a =")).unwrap();
+    let m_pos = lines.iter().position(|l| l.contains("m =")).unwrap();
+    let z_pos = lines.iter().position(|l| l.contains("z =")).unwrap();
+    assert!(a_pos < m_pos);
+    assert!(m_pos < z_pos);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_reserved_name_command() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("alias command='something'");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_reserved_name_builtin() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("alias builtin='something'");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_missing_equals() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("alias noequals");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_expansion_in_command() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias greet='echo hello'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("greet").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_expansion_with_args() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias e='echo'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("e foo bar").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "foo bar\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unalias_removes() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias tmp='something'").unwrap();
+    assert!(read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("tmp")).is_some());
+
+    test_input("unalias tmp").unwrap();
+    assert!(read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("tmp")).is_none());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unalias_nonexistent() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("unalias nosuchalias");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unalias_multiple() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias a='1' b='2' c='3'").unwrap();
+    test_input("unalias a c").unwrap();
+
+    assert!(read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("a")).is_none());
+    assert!(read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("b")).is_some());
+    assert!(read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("c")).is_none());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unalias_no_args_lists() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias x='hello'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("unalias").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("x"));
+    assert!(out.contains("hello"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_empty_body() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias empty=''").unwrap();
+
+    let alias = read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("empty"));
+    assert!(alias.is_some());
+    assert_eq!(alias.unwrap().body, "");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn alias_status_zero() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias ok='true'").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+
+    test_input("unalias ok").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/arrops.rs

@@ -226,3 +226,266 @@ pub fn get_arr_op_opts(opts: Vec<Opt>) -> ShResult<ArrOpOpts> {
   }
   Ok(arr_op_opts)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use std::collections::VecDeque;
+  use crate::state::{self, read_vars, write_vars, VarFlags, VarKind};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  fn set_arr(name: &str, elems: &[&str]) {
+    let arr = VecDeque::from_iter(elems.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()));
+    write_vars(|v| v.set_var(name, VarKind::Arr(arr), VarFlags::NONE)).unwrap();
+  }
+
+  fn get_arr(name: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    read_vars(|v| v.get_arr_elems(name)).unwrap()
+  }
+
+  // ===================== push =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn push_to_existing_array() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b"]);
+
+    test_input("push arr c").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["a", "b", "c"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn push_creates_array() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+
+    test_input("push newarr hello").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("newarr"), vec!["hello"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn push_multiple_values() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a"]);
+
+    test_input("push arr b c d").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn push_no_array_name() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("push");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== fpush =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn fpush_to_existing_array() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["b", "c"]);
+
+    test_input("fpush arr a").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["a", "b", "c"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn fpush_multiple_values() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["c"]);
+
+    test_input("fpush arr a b").unwrap();
+    // Each value is pushed to the front in order: c -> a,c -> b,a,c
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["b", "a", "c"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn fpush_creates_array() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+
+    test_input("fpush newarr x").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("newarr"), vec!["x"]);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== pop =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn pop_removes_last() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b", "c"]);
+
+    test_input("pop arr").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "c\n");
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["a", "b"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn pop_with_count() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
+
+    test_input("pop -c 2 arr").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "d\nc\n");
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["a", "b"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn pop_into_variable() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["x", "y", "z"]);
+
+    test_input("pop -v result arr").unwrap();
+    let val = read_vars(|v| v.get_var("result"));
+    assert_eq!(val, "z");
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["x", "y"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn pop_empty_array_fails() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &[]);
+
+    test_input("pop arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn pop_nonexistent_array() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+
+    test_input("pop nosucharray").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== fpop =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn fpop_removes_first() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b", "c"]);
+
+    test_input("fpop arr").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "a\n");
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["b", "c"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn fpop_with_count() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
+
+    test_input("fpop -c 2 arr").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "a\nb\n");
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["c", "d"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn fpop_into_variable() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["first", "second"]);
+
+    test_input("fpop -v result arr").unwrap();
+    let val = read_vars(|v| v.get_var("result"));
+    assert_eq!(val, "first");
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["second"]);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== rotate =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn rotate_left_default() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
+
+    test_input("rotate arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["b", "c", "d", "a"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn rotate_left_with_count() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
+
+    test_input("rotate -c 2 arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["c", "d", "a", "b"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn rotate_right() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
+
+    test_input("rotate -r arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["d", "a", "b", "c"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn rotate_right_with_count() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
+
+    test_input("rotate -r -c 2 arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["c", "d", "a", "b"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn rotate_count_exceeds_len() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a", "b"]);
+
+    // count clamped to arr.len(), so rotate by 2 on len=2 is a no-op
+    test_input("rotate -c 5 arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["a", "b"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn rotate_single_element() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["only"]);
+
+    test_input("rotate arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["only"]);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== combined ops =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn push_then_pop_roundtrip() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a"]);
+
+    test_input("push arr b").unwrap();
+    test_input("pop arr").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "b\n");
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["a"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn fpush_then_fpop_roundtrip() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["a"]);
+
+    test_input("fpush arr z").unwrap();
+    test_input("fpop arr").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "z\n");
+    assert_eq!(get_arr("arr"), vec!["a"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn pop_until_empty() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    set_arr("arr", &["x", "y"]);
+
+    test_input("pop arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+    test_input("pop arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+    test_input("pop arr").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/autocmd.rs

@@ -111,3 +111,202 @@ pub fn autocmd(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state::{self, AutoCmdKind, read_logic, write_logic};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== Registration =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn register_pre_cmd() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("autocmd pre-cmd 'echo hello'").unwrap();
+
+    let cmds = read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PreCmd));
+    assert_eq!(cmds.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(cmds[0].command, "echo hello");
+    assert!(cmds[0].pattern.is_none());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn register_post_cmd() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("autocmd post-cmd 'echo done'").unwrap();
+
+    let cmds = read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PostCmd));
+    assert_eq!(cmds.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(cmds[0].command, "echo done");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn register_multiple_same_kind() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("autocmd pre-cmd 'echo first'").unwrap();
+    test_input("autocmd pre-cmd 'echo second'").unwrap();
+
+    let cmds = read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PreCmd));
+    assert_eq!(cmds.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(cmds[0].command, "echo first");
+    assert_eq!(cmds[1].command, "echo second");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn register_different_kinds() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("autocmd pre-cmd 'echo pre'").unwrap();
+    test_input("autocmd post-cmd 'echo post'").unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PreCmd)).len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PostCmd)).len(), 1);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Pattern =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn register_with_pattern() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("autocmd -p '^git' pre-cmd 'echo git cmd'").unwrap();
+
+    let cmds = read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PreCmd));
+    assert_eq!(cmds.len(), 1);
+    assert!(cmds[0].pattern.is_some());
+    let pat = cmds[0].pattern.as_ref().unwrap();
+    assert!(pat.is_match("git status"));
+    assert!(!pat.is_match("echo git"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn invalid_regex_pattern() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("autocmd -p '[invalid' pre-cmd 'echo bad'");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Clear =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn clear_autocmds() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("autocmd pre-cmd 'echo a'").unwrap();
+    test_input("autocmd pre-cmd 'echo b'").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PreCmd)).len(), 2);
+
+    test_input("autocmd -c pre-cmd").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PreCmd)).len(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn clear_only_affects_specified_kind() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("autocmd pre-cmd 'echo pre'").unwrap();
+    test_input("autocmd post-cmd 'echo post'").unwrap();
+
+    test_input("autocmd -c pre-cmd").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PreCmd)).len(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(read_logic(|l| l.get_autocmds(AutoCmdKind::PostCmd)).len(), 1);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn clear_empty_is_noop() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // Clearing when nothing is registered should not error
+    test_input("autocmd -c pre-cmd").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Error Cases =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn missing_kind() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("autocmd");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn invalid_kind() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("autocmd not-a-real-kind 'echo hi'");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn missing_command() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("autocmd pre-cmd");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== All valid kind strings =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn all_kinds_parse() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let kinds = [
+      "pre-cmd", "post-cmd", "pre-change-dir", "post-change-dir",
+      "on-job-finish", "pre-prompt", "post-prompt",
+      "pre-mode-change", "post-mode-change",
+      "on-history-open", "on-history-close", "on-history-select",
+      "on-completion-start", "on-completion-cancel", "on-completion-select",
+      "on-exit",
+    ];
+    for kind in kinds {
+      test_input(&format!("autocmd {kind} 'true'")).unwrap();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Execution =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn exec_fires_autocmd() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // Register a post-change-dir autocmd and trigger it via cd
+    test_input("autocmd post-change-dir 'echo changed'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("cd /tmp").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("changed"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn exec_with_pattern_match() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // Pattern that matches "cd" commands
+    test_input("autocmd -p '/tmp' post-change-dir 'echo matched'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("cd /tmp").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("matched"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn exec_with_pattern_no_match() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // Pattern that won't match /tmp
+    test_input("autocmd -p '^/usr' post-change-dir 'echo nope'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("cd /tmp").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(!out.contains("nope"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn exec_preserves_status() {
+    let _guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // autocmd exec should restore the status code from before it ran
+    test_input("autocmd post-change-dir 'false'").unwrap();
+
+    test_input("true").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+
+    test_input("cd /tmp").unwrap();
+    // cd itself succeeds, autocmd runs `false` but status should be
+    // restored to cd's success
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/cd.rs

@@ -75,3 +75,162 @@ pub fn cd(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod tests {
+    use std::env;
+    use std::fs;
+
+    use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+    use crate::state;
+    use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+	// ===================== Basic Navigation =====================
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_simple() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let old_dir = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("cd {}", temp_dir.path().display())).unwrap();
+
+		let new_dir = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		assert_ne!(old_dir, new_dir);
+
+		assert_eq!(new_dir.display().to_string(), temp_dir.path().display().to_string());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_no_args_goes_home() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		unsafe { env::set_var("HOME", temp_dir.path()) };
+
+		test_input("cd").unwrap();
+
+		let cwd = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(cwd.display().to_string(), temp_dir.path().display().to_string());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_relative_path() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let sub = temp_dir.path().join("child");
+		fs::create_dir(&sub).unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("cd {}", temp_dir.path().display())).unwrap();
+		test_input("cd child").unwrap();
+
+		let cwd = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(cwd.display().to_string(), sub.display().to_string());
+	}
+
+	// ===================== Environment =====================
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_sets_pwd_env() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("cd {}", temp_dir.path().display())).unwrap();
+
+		let pwd = env::var("PWD").unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(pwd, env::current_dir().unwrap().display().to_string());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_status_zero_on_success() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("cd {}", temp_dir.path().display())).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+	}
+
+	// ===================== Error Cases =====================
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_nonexistent_dir_fails() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let result = test_input("cd /nonexistent_path_that_does_not_exist_xyz");
+		assert!(result.is_err());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_file_not_directory_fails() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let file_path = temp_dir.path().join("afile.txt");
+		fs::write(&file_path, "hello").unwrap();
+
+		let result = test_input(format!("cd {}", file_path.display()));
+		assert!(result.is_err());
+	}
+
+	// ===================== Multiple cd =====================
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_multiple_times() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let dir_a = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let dir_b = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("cd {}", dir_a.path().display())).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(
+			env::current_dir().unwrap().display().to_string(),
+			dir_a.path().display().to_string()
+		);
+
+		test_input(format!("cd {}", dir_b.path().display())).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(
+			env::current_dir().unwrap().display().to_string(),
+			dir_b.path().display().to_string()
+		);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_nested_subdirectories() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let deep = temp_dir.path().join("a").join("b").join("c");
+		fs::create_dir_all(&deep).unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("cd {}", deep.display())).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(
+			env::current_dir().unwrap().display().to_string(),
+			deep.display().to_string()
+		);
+	}
+
+	// ===================== Autocmd Integration =====================
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_fires_post_change_dir_autocmd() {
+		let guard = TestGuard::new();
+		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+
+		test_input("autocmd post-change-dir 'echo cd-hook-fired'").unwrap();
+		guard.read_output();
+
+		test_input(format!("cd {}", temp_dir.path().display())).unwrap();
+		let out = guard.read_output();
+		assert!(out.contains("cd-hook-fired"));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn cd_fires_pre_change_dir_autocmd() {
+		let guard = TestGuard::new();
+		let temp_dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+
+		test_input("autocmd pre-change-dir 'echo pre-cd'").unwrap();
+		guard.read_output();
+
+		test_input(format!("cd {}", temp_dir.path().display())).unwrap();
+		let out = guard.read_output();
+		assert!(out.contains("pre-cd"));
+	}
+}

src/builtin/complete.rs

@@ -173,20 +173,24 @@ pub fn complete_builtin(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
 
   if comp_opts.flags.contains(CompFlags::PRINT) {
     if argv.is_empty() {
-      read_meta(|m| {
+      read_meta(|m| -> ShResult<()> {
         let specs = m.comp_specs().values();
         for spec in specs {
-          println!("{}", spec.source());
+					let stdout = borrow_fd(STDOUT_FILENO);
+					write(stdout, spec.source().as_bytes())?;
         }
-      })
+				Ok(())
+      })?;
     } else {
-      read_meta(|m| {
+      read_meta(|m| -> ShResult<()> {
         for (cmd, _) in &argv {
           if let Some(spec) = m.comp_specs().get(cmd) {
-            println!("{}", spec.source());
+						let stdout = borrow_fd(STDOUT_FILENO);
+						write(stdout, spec.source().as_bytes())?;
           }
         }
-      })
+				Ok(())
+      })?;
     }
 
     state::set_status(0);
@@ -309,3 +313,318 @@ pub fn get_comp_opts(opts: Vec<Opt>) -> ShResult<CompOpts> {
 
   Ok(comp_opts)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use std::fs;
+  use tempfile::TempDir;
+  use crate::state::{self, read_meta, write_vars, VarFlags, VarKind};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== complete: Registration =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_register_wordlist() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -W 'foo bar baz' mycmd").unwrap();
+
+    let spec = read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("mycmd"));
+    assert!(spec.is_some());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_register_files() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -f mycmd").unwrap();
+
+    let spec = read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("mycmd"));
+    assert!(spec.is_some());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_register_dirs() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -d mycmd").unwrap();
+
+    let spec = read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("mycmd"));
+    assert!(spec.is_some());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_register_multiple_commands() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -W 'x y' cmd1 cmd2").unwrap();
+
+    assert!(read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("cmd1")).is_some());
+    assert!(read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("cmd2")).is_some());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_register_function() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -F _my_comp mycmd").unwrap();
+
+    let spec = read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("mycmd"));
+    assert!(spec.is_some());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_register_combined_flags() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -f -d -v mycmd").unwrap();
+
+    let spec = read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("mycmd"));
+    assert!(spec.is_some());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_overwrite_spec() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -W 'old' mycmd").unwrap();
+    test_input("complete -W 'new' mycmd").unwrap();
+
+    let spec = read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("mycmd"));
+    assert!(spec.is_some());
+    // Verify the source reflects the latest registration
+    assert!(spec.unwrap().source().contains("new"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_no_command_fails() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("complete -W 'foo'");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== complete -r: Removal =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_remove_spec() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -W 'foo' mycmd").unwrap();
+    assert!(read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("mycmd")).is_some());
+
+    test_input("complete -r mycmd").unwrap();
+    assert!(read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("mycmd")).is_none());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_remove_multiple() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -W 'a' cmd1").unwrap();
+    test_input("complete -W 'b' cmd2").unwrap();
+
+    test_input("complete -r cmd1 cmd2").unwrap();
+    assert!(read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("cmd1")).is_none());
+    assert!(read_meta(|m| m.get_comp_spec("cmd2")).is_none());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_remove_nonexistent_is_ok() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    // Removing a spec that doesn't exist should not error
+    test_input("complete -r nosuchcmd").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== complete -p: Print =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_print_specific() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -W 'alpha beta' mycmd").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("complete -p mycmd").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("mycmd"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_print_all() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // Clear any existing specs and register two
+    test_input("complete -W 'a' cmd1").unwrap();
+    test_input("complete -W 'b' cmd2").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("complete -p").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("cmd1"));
+    assert!(out.contains("cmd2"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== complete -o: Option flags =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_option_default() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -o default -W 'foo' mycmd").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_option_dirnames() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -o dirnames -W 'foo' mycmd").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_option_invalid() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("complete -o bogus -W 'foo' mycmd");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== compgen -W: Word list =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_wordlist_no_prefix() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("compgen -W 'alpha beta gamma'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("alpha"));
+    assert!(out.contains("beta"));
+    assert!(out.contains("gamma"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_wordlist_with_prefix() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("compgen -W 'apple banana avocado' a").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("apple"));
+    assert!(out.contains("avocado"));
+    assert!(!out.contains("banana"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_wordlist_no_match() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("compgen -W 'foo bar baz' z").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.trim().is_empty());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_wordlist_exact_match() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("compgen -W 'hello help helm' hel").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    let lines: Vec<&str> = out.lines().collect();
+    assert_eq!(lines.len(), 3);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_wordlist_single_match() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("compgen -W 'alpha beta gamma' g").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    let lines: Vec<&str> = out.lines().collect();
+    assert_eq!(lines.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(lines[0], "gamma");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== compgen -v: Variables =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_variables() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    write_vars(|v| v.set_var("TESTCOMPVAR", VarKind::Str("x".into()), VarFlags::NONE)).unwrap();
+
+    test_input("compgen -v TESTCOMP").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("TESTCOMPVAR"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== compgen -a: Aliases =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_aliases() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias testcompalias='echo hi'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("compgen -a testcomp").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("testcompalias"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== compgen -d: Directories =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_dirs() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let tmp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+    let sub = tmp.path().join("subdir");
+    fs::create_dir(&sub).unwrap();
+
+    let prefix = format!("{}/", tmp.path().display());
+    test_input(format!("compgen -d {prefix}")).unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("subdir"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== compgen -f: Files =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_files() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let tmp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+    fs::write(tmp.path().join("testfile.txt"), "").unwrap();
+    fs::create_dir(tmp.path().join("testdir")).unwrap();
+
+    let prefix = format!("{}/test", tmp.path().display());
+    test_input(format!("compgen -f {prefix}")).unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("testfile.txt"));
+    assert!(out.contains("testdir"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== compgen -F: Completion function =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_function() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // Define a completion function that sets COMPREPLY
+    test_input("_mycomp() { COMPREPLY=(opt1 opt2 opt3); }").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("compgen -F _mycomp").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("opt1"));
+    assert!(out.contains("opt2"));
+    assert!(out.contains("opt3"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== compgen: combined flags =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_wordlist_and_aliases() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias testcga='true'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("compgen -W 'testcgw' -a testcg").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("testcgw"));
+    assert!(out.contains("testcga"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Status =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn complete_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("complete -W 'x' mycmd").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compgen_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("compgen -W 'hello'").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/dirstack.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,21 @@ use nix::{libc::STDOUT_FILENO, unistd::write};
 use yansi::Color;
 
 use crate::{
-  libsh::error::{ShErr, ShErrKind, ShResult, next_color},
+  libsh::{error::{ShErr, ShErrKind, ShResult, next_color}, sys::TTY_FILENO},
   parse::{NdRule, Node, execute::prepare_argv, lex::Span},
   procio::borrow_fd,
   state::{self, read_meta, write_meta},
 };
 
+pub fn truncate_home_path(path: String) -> String {
+	if let Ok(home) = env::var("HOME")
+	&& path.starts_with(&home) {
+		let new = path.strip_prefix(&home).unwrap();
+		return format!("~{new}");
+	}
+	path.to_string()
+}
+
 enum StackIdx {
   FromTop(usize),
   FromBottom(usize),
@@ -23,18 +32,7 @@ fn print_dirs() -> ShResult<()> {
     .into_iter()
     .chain(dirs_iter)
     .map(|d| d.to_string_lossy().to_string())
-    .map(|d| {
-      let Ok(home) = env::var("HOME") else {
-        return d;
-      };
-
-      if d.starts_with(&home) {
-        let new = d.strip_prefix(&home).unwrap();
-        format!("~{new}")
-      } else {
-        d
-      }
-    })
+    .map(truncate_home_path)
     .collect::<Vec<_>>()
     .join(" ");
 
@@ -378,18 +376,7 @@ pub fn dirs(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
       .map(|d| d.to_string_lossy().to_string());
 
     if abbreviate_home {
-      let Ok(home) = env::var("HOME") else {
-        return stack.collect();
-      };
-      stack
-        .map(|d| {
-          if d.starts_with(&home) {
-            let new = d.strip_prefix(&home).unwrap();
-            format!("~{new}")
-          } else {
-            d
-          }
-        })
+      stack.map(truncate_home_path)
         .collect()
     } else {
       stack.collect()
@@ -438,3 +425,192 @@ pub fn dirs(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
 
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod tests {
+	use std::{env, path::PathBuf};
+	use crate::{parse::execute::exec_input, state::{self, read_meta}, testutil::TestGuard};
+	use pretty_assertions::{assert_ne,assert_eq};
+use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_pushd_interactive() {
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+		let current_dir = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+
+		exec_input("pushd /tmp".into(), None, true, None).unwrap();
+
+		let new_dir = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+
+		assert_ne!(new_dir, current_dir);
+		assert_eq!(new_dir, PathBuf::from("/tmp"));
+
+		let dir_stack = read_meta(|m| m.dirs().clone());
+		assert_eq!(dir_stack.len(), 1);
+		assert_eq!(dir_stack[0], current_dir);
+
+		let out = g.read_output();
+		let path = super::truncate_home_path(current_dir.to_string_lossy().to_string());
+		assert_eq!(out, format!("/tmp {path}\n"));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_popd_interactive() {
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+		let current_dir = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		let tempdir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let tempdir_raw = tempdir.path().to_path_buf().to_string_lossy().to_string();
+
+		exec_input(format!("pushd {tempdir_raw}"), None, true, None).unwrap();
+
+		let dir_stack = read_meta(|m| m.dirs().clone());
+		assert_eq!(dir_stack.len(), 1);
+		assert_eq!(dir_stack[0], current_dir);
+
+		assert_eq!(env::current_dir().unwrap(), tempdir.path());
+		g.read_output(); // consume output of pushd
+
+		exec_input("popd".into(), None, true, None).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(env::current_dir().unwrap(), current_dir);
+		let out = g.read_output();
+		let path = super::truncate_home_path(current_dir.to_string_lossy().to_string());
+		assert_eq!(out, format!("{path}\n"));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_popd_empty_stack() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		exec_input("popd".into(), None, false, None).unwrap_err();
+		assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_pushd_multiple_then_popd() {
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+		let original = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		let tmp1 = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let tmp2 = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path1 = tmp1.path().to_path_buf();
+		let path2 = tmp2.path().to_path_buf();
+
+		exec_input(format!("pushd {}", path1.display()), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		exec_input(format!("pushd {}", path2.display()), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		g.read_output();
+
+		assert_eq!(env::current_dir().unwrap(), path2);
+		let stack = read_meta(|m| m.dirs().clone());
+		assert_eq!(stack.len(), 2);
+		assert_eq!(stack[0], path1);
+		assert_eq!(stack[1], original);
+
+		exec_input("popd".into(), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(env::current_dir().unwrap(), path1);
+
+		exec_input("popd".into(), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(env::current_dir().unwrap(), original);
+
+		let stack = read_meta(|m| m.dirs().clone());
+		assert_eq!(stack.len(), 0);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_pushd_rotate_plus() {
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+		let original = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		let tmp1 = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let tmp2 = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path1 = tmp1.path().to_path_buf();
+		let path2 = tmp2.path().to_path_buf();
+
+		// Build stack: cwd=original, then pushd path1, pushd path2
+		// Stack after: cwd=path2, [path1, original]
+		exec_input(format!("pushd {}", path1.display()), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		exec_input(format!("pushd {}", path2.display()), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		g.read_output();
+
+		// pushd +1 rotates: [path2, path1, original] -> rotate_left(1) -> [path1, original, path2]
+		// pop front -> cwd=path1, stack=[original, path2]
+		exec_input("pushd +1".into(), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(env::current_dir().unwrap(), path1);
+
+		let stack = read_meta(|m| m.dirs().clone());
+		assert_eq!(stack.len(), 2);
+		assert_eq!(stack[0], original);
+		assert_eq!(stack[1], path2);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_pushd_no_cd_flag() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let original = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		let tmp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path = tmp.path().to_path_buf();
+
+		exec_input(format!("pushd -n {}", path.display()), None, false, None).unwrap();
+
+		// -n means don't cd, but the dir should still be on the stack
+		assert_eq!(env::current_dir().unwrap(), original);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_dirs_clear() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let tmp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+
+		exec_input(format!("pushd {}", tmp.path().display()), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(read_meta(|m| m.dirs().len()), 1);
+
+		exec_input("dirs -c".into(), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(read_meta(|m| m.dirs().len()), 0);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_dirs_one_per_line() {
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+		let original = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		let tmp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path = tmp.path().to_path_buf();
+
+		exec_input(format!("pushd {}", path.display()), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		g.read_output();
+
+		exec_input("dirs -p".into(), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		let out = g.read_output();
+		let lines: Vec<&str> = out.split('\n').filter(|l| !l.is_empty()).collect();
+		assert_eq!(lines.len(), 2);
+		assert_eq!(lines[0], super::truncate_home_path(path.to_string_lossy().to_string()));
+		assert_eq!(lines[1], super::truncate_home_path(original.to_string_lossy().to_string()));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_popd_indexed_from_top() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let original = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		let tmp1 = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let tmp2 = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path1 = tmp1.path().to_path_buf();
+		let path2 = tmp2.path().to_path_buf();
+
+		// Stack: cwd=path2, [path1, original]
+		exec_input(format!("pushd {}", path1.display()), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		exec_input(format!("pushd {}", path2.display()), None, false, None).unwrap();
+
+		// popd +1 removes index (1-1)=0 from stored dirs, i.e. path1
+		exec_input("popd +1".into(), None, false, None).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(env::current_dir().unwrap(), path2); // no cd
+
+		let stack = read_meta(|m| m.dirs().clone());
+		assert_eq!(stack.len(), 1);
+		assert_eq!(stack[0], original);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_pushd_nonexistent_dir() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		let result = exec_input("pushd /nonexistent_dir_12345".into(), None, false, None);
+		assert!(result.is_err());
+	}
+}

src/builtin/echo.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::{
   parse::{NdRule, Node, execute::prepare_argv},
   prelude::*,
   procio::borrow_fd,
-  state,
+  state::{self, read_shopts},
 };
 
 pub const ECHO_OPTS: [OptSpec; 4] = [
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ bitflags! {
   #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
   pub struct EchoFlags: u32 {
     const NO_NEWLINE = 0b000001;
-    const USE_STDERR = 0b000010;
+		const NO_ESCAPE  = 0b000010;
     const USE_ESCAPE = 0b000100;
     const USE_PROMPT = 0b001000;
   }
@@ -54,18 +54,17 @@ pub fn echo(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
     argv.remove(0);
   }
 
-  let output_channel = if flags.contains(EchoFlags::USE_STDERR) {
-    borrow_fd(STDERR_FILENO)
-  } else {
-    borrow_fd(STDOUT_FILENO)
-  };
+  let output_channel = borrow_fd(STDOUT_FILENO);
+	let xpg_echo = read_shopts(|o| o.core.xpg_echo); // If true, echo expands escape sequences by default, and -E opts out
+
+	let use_escape = (xpg_echo && !flags.contains(EchoFlags::NO_ESCAPE)) || flags.contains(EchoFlags::USE_ESCAPE);
 
   let mut echo_output = prepare_echo_args(
     argv
       .into_iter()
       .map(|a| a.0) // Extract the String from the tuple of (String,Span)
       .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-    flags.contains(EchoFlags::USE_ESCAPE),
+		use_escape,
     flags.contains(EchoFlags::USE_PROMPT),
   )?
   .join(" ");
@@ -206,9 +205,9 @@ pub fn get_echo_flags(opts: Vec<Opt>) -> ShResult<EchoFlags> {
   for opt in opts {
     match opt {
       Opt::Short('n') => flags |= EchoFlags::NO_NEWLINE,
-      Opt::Short('r') => flags |= EchoFlags::USE_STDERR,
       Opt::Short('e') => flags |= EchoFlags::USE_ESCAPE,
       Opt::Short('p') => flags |= EchoFlags::USE_PROMPT,
+			Opt::Short('E') => flags |= EchoFlags::NO_ESCAPE,
       _ => {
         return Err(ShErr::simple(
           ShErrKind::ExecFail,
@@ -220,3 +219,254 @@ pub fn get_echo_flags(opts: Vec<Opt>) -> ShResult<EchoFlags> {
 
   Ok(flags)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::prepare_echo_args;
+  use crate::state::{self, write_shopts};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== Pure: prepare_echo_args =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_no_escape() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["hello\\nworld".into()], false, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["hello\\nworld"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_newline() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["hello\\nworld".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["hello\nworld"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_tab() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["a\\tb".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["a\tb"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_carriage_return() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["a\\rb".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["a\rb"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_bell() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["a\\ab".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["a\x07b"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_backspace() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["a\\bb".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["a\x08b"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_escape_char() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["a\\eb".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["a\x1bb"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_upper_e() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["a\\Eb".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["a\x1bb"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_backslash() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["a\\\\b".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["a\\b"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_hex() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["\\x41".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["A"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_hex_lowercase() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["\\x61".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["a"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_octal() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["\\0101".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["A"]); // octal 101 = 65 = 'A'
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_escape_multiple() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["a\\nb\\tc".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["a\nb\tc"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_multiple_args() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(
+      vec!["hello".into(), "world".into()],
+      false,
+      false,
+    ).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["hello", "world"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_trailing_backslash() {
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["hello\\".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["hello\\"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn prepare_unknown_escape_literal() {
+    // Unknown escape like \z should keep the backslash
+    let result = prepare_echo_args(vec!["\\z".into()], true, false).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result, vec!["\\z"]);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Integration: basic echo =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_simple() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo hello").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_multiple_args() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo hello world").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello world\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_no_args() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo hello").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Integration: -n flag =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_no_newline() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo -n hello").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_no_newline_no_args() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo -n").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Integration: -e flag =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_escape_newline() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo -e 'hello\\nworld'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\nworld\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_escape_tab() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo -e 'a\\tb'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "a\tb\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_no_escape_by_default() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo 'hello\\nworld'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\\nworld\n");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Integration: -E flag + xpg_echo =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_xpg_echo_expands_by_default() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    write_shopts(|o| o.core.xpg_echo = true);
+
+    test_input("echo 'hello\\nworld'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\nworld\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_xpg_echo_suppressed_by_big_e() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    write_shopts(|o| o.core.xpg_echo = true);
+
+    test_input("echo -E 'hello\\nworld'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\\nworld\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_small_e_overrides_without_xpg() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    write_shopts(|o| o.core.xpg_echo = false);
+
+    test_input("echo -e 'a\\tb'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "a\tb\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_big_e_noop_without_xpg() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    write_shopts(|o| o.core.xpg_echo = false);
+
+    // -E without xpg_echo is a no-op — escapes already off
+    test_input("echo -E 'hello\\nworld'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\\nworld\n");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Integration: combined flags =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_n_and_e() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("echo -n -e 'a\\nb'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "a\nb");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn echo_xpg_n_suppresses_newline() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    write_shopts(|o| o.core.xpg_echo = true);
+
+    test_input("echo -n 'hello\\nworld'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    // xpg_echo expands \n, -n suppresses trailing newline
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\nworld");
+  }
+}

src/builtin/eval.rs

@@ -34,3 +34,90 @@ pub fn eval(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
 
   exec_input(joined_argv, None, false, Some("eval".into()))
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state::{self, read_vars, write_vars, VarFlags, VarKind};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== Basic =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn eval_simple_command() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("eval echo hello").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn eval_no_args_succeeds() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("eval").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn eval_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("eval true").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Joins args =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn eval_joins_args() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // eval receives "echo" "hello" "world" as separate args, joins to "echo hello world"
+    test_input("eval echo          hello         world").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello world\n");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Re-evaluation =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn eval_expands_variable() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    write_vars(|v| v.set_var("CMD", VarKind::Str("echo evaluated".into()), VarFlags::NONE)).unwrap();
+
+    test_input("eval $CMD").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "evaluated\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn eval_sets_variable() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("eval x=42").unwrap();
+    let val = read_vars(|v| v.get_var("x"));
+    assert_eq!(val, "42");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn eval_pipeline() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("eval 'echo hello | cat'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out, "hello\n");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn eval_compound_command() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("eval 'echo first; echo second'").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("first"));
+    assert!(out.contains("second"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Status propagation =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn eval_propagates_failure_status() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let _ = test_input("eval false");
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/exec.rs

@@ -45,3 +45,24 @@ pub fn exec_builtin(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
     _ => Err(ShErr::at(ShErrKind::Errno(e), span, format!("{e}"))),
   }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state;
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+	// Testing exec is a bit tricky since it replaces the current process, so we just test that it correctly handles the case of no arguments and the case of a nonexistent command. We can't really test that it successfully executes a command since that would replace the test process itself.
+
+  #[test]
+  fn exec_no_args_succeeds() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("exec").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn exec_nonexistent_command_fails() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("exec _____________no_such_______command_xyz_____________hopefully______this_doesnt______exist_____somewhere_in___your______PATH__________________");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+}

src/builtin/flowctl.rs

@@ -41,3 +41,105 @@ pub fn flowctl(node: Node, kind: ShErrKind) -> ShResult<()> {
 
   Err(ShErr::simple(kind, message))
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::libsh::error::ShErrKind;
+  use crate::state;
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== break =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn break_exits_loop() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("for i in 1 2 3; do echo $i; break; done").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out.trim(), "1");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn break_outside_loop_errors() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("break");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn break_non_numeric_errors() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("for i in 1; do break abc; done");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== continue =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn continue_skips_iteration() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("for i in 1 2 3; do if [[ $i == 2 ]]; then continue; fi; echo $i; done").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    let lines: Vec<&str> = out.lines().collect();
+    assert_eq!(lines, vec!["1", "3"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn continue_outside_loop_errors() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("continue");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== return =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn return_exits_function() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("f() { echo before; return; echo after; }").unwrap();
+    test_input("f").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out.trim(), "before");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn return_with_status() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("f() { return 42; }").unwrap();
+    test_input("f").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 42);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn return_outside_function_errors() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("return");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== exit =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn exit_returns_clean_exit() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("exit 0");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+    let err = result.unwrap_err();
+    assert!(matches!(err.kind(), ShErrKind::CleanExit(0)));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn exit_with_code() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("exit 5");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+    let err = result.unwrap_err();
+    assert!(matches!(err.kind(), ShErrKind::CleanExit(5)));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn exit_non_numeric_errors() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("exit abc");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+}

src/builtin/getopts.rs

@@ -251,3 +251,217 @@ pub fn getopts(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
     getopts_inner(&opts_spec, &opt_var.0, &pos_params, span)
   }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state::{self, read_vars};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  fn get_var(name: &str) -> String {
+    read_vars(|v| v.get_var(name))
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Spec parsing =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_simple_spec() {
+    use super::GetOptsSpec;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    let spec = GetOptsSpec::from_str("abc").unwrap();
+    assert!(!spec.silent_err);
+    assert_eq!(spec.opt_specs.len(), 3);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_spec_with_args() {
+    use super::GetOptsSpec;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    let spec = GetOptsSpec::from_str("a:bc:").unwrap();
+    assert!(!spec.silent_err);
+    assert!(spec.opt_specs[0].takes_arg); // a:
+    assert!(!spec.opt_specs[1].takes_arg); // b
+    assert!(spec.opt_specs[2].takes_arg); // c:
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_silent_spec() {
+    use super::GetOptsSpec;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    let spec = GetOptsSpec::from_str(":ab").unwrap();
+    assert!(spec.silent_err);
+    assert_eq!(spec.opt_specs.len(), 2);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_invalid_char() {
+    use super::GetOptsSpec;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    let result = GetOptsSpec::from_str("a@b");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Basic option matching =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_simple_flag() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts ab opt -a").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "a");
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_second_flag() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts ab opt -b").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "b");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Option with argument =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_option_with_separate_arg() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts a: opt -a value").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "a");
+    assert_eq!(get_var("OPTARG"), "value");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_option_with_attached_arg() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts a: opt -avalue").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "a");
+    assert_eq!(get_var("OPTARG"), "value");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Bundled options =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_bundled_flags() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+
+    // First call gets 'a' from -ab
+    test_input("getopts abc opt -ab").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "a");
+
+    // Second call gets 'b' from same -ab
+    test_input("getopts abc opt -ab").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "b");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== OPTIND advancement =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_advances_optind() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts ab opt -a").unwrap();
+
+    let optind: usize = get_var("OPTIND").parse().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(optind, 2); // Advanced past -a
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_arg_option_advances_by_two() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts a: opt -a val").unwrap();
+
+    let optind: usize = get_var("OPTIND").parse().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(optind, 3); // Advanced past both -a and val
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Multiple calls (loop simulation) =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_multiple_separate_args() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+
+    test_input("getopts ab opt -a -b").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "a");
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+
+    test_input("getopts ab opt -a -b").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "b");
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+
+    // Third call: no more options
+    test_input("getopts ab opt -a -b").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== End of options =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_no_options_returns_1() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts ab opt foo").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_double_dash_stops() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts ab opt -- -a").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_bare_dash_stops() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts ab opt -").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Unknown option =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_unknown_option() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts ab opt -z").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "?");
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Silent error mode =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_silent_unknown_sets_optarg() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts :ab opt -z").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "?");
+    assert_eq!(get_var("OPTARG"), "z");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_silent_missing_arg() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts :a: opt -a").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), ":");
+    assert_eq!(get_var("OPTARG"), "a");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Missing required argument (non-silent) =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_missing_arg_non_silent() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("getopts a: opt -a").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(get_var("opt"), "?");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Error cases =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_missing_spec() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("getopts");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn getopts_missing_varname() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("getopts ab");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+}

src/builtin/intro.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{env, os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt, path::Path};
+use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 
 use ariadne::{Fmt, Span};
 
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ use crate::{
   builtin::BUILTINS,
   libsh::error::{ShErr, ShErrKind, ShResult, next_color},
   parse::{NdRule, Node, execute::prepare_argv, lex::KEYWORDS},
+  prelude::*,
+  procio::borrow_fd,
   state::{self, ShAlias, ShFunc, read_logic},
 };
 
@@ -31,28 +33,33 @@ pub fn type_builtin(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
    */
 
   'outer: for (arg, span) in argv {
+    let stdout = borrow_fd(STDOUT_FILENO);
     if let Some(func) = read_logic(|v| v.get_func(&arg)) {
       let ShFunc { body: _, source } = func;
       let (line, col) = source.line_and_col();
       let name = source.source().name();
-      println!(
-        "{arg} is a function defined at {name}:{}:{}",
+      let msg = format!(
+        "{arg} is a function defined at {name}:{}:{}\n",
         line + 1,
         col + 1
       );
+      write(stdout, msg.as_bytes())?;
     } else if let Some(alias) = read_logic(|v| v.get_alias(&arg)) {
       let ShAlias { body, source } = alias;
       let (line, col) = source.line_and_col();
       let name = source.source().name();
-      println!(
-        "{arg} is an alias for '{body}' defined at {name}:{}:{}",
+      let msg = format!(
+        "{arg} is an alias for '{body}' defined at {name}:{}:{}\n",
         line + 1,
         col + 1
       );
+      write(stdout, msg.as_bytes())?;
     } else if BUILTINS.contains(&arg.as_str()) {
-      println!("{arg} is a shell builtin");
+      let msg = format!("{arg} is a shell builtin\n");
+      write(stdout, msg.as_bytes())?;
     } else if KEYWORDS.contains(&arg.as_str()) {
-      println!("{arg} is a shell keyword");
+      let msg = format!("{arg} is a shell keyword\n");
+      write(stdout, msg.as_bytes())?;
     } else {
       let path = env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default();
       let paths = path.split(':').map(Path::new).collect::<Vec<_>>();
@@ -70,7 +77,8 @@ pub fn type_builtin(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
               && let Some(name) = entry.file_name().to_str()
               && name == arg
             {
-              println!("{arg} is {}", entry.path().display());
+              let msg = format!("{arg} is {}\n", entry.path().display());
+              write(stdout, msg.as_bytes())?;
               continue 'outer;
             }
           }
@@ -92,3 +100,136 @@ pub fn type_builtin(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state::{self};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== Builtins =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_builtin_echo() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("type echo").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("echo"));
+    assert!(out.contains("shell builtin"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_builtin_cd() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("type cd").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("cd"));
+    assert!(out.contains("shell builtin"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Keywords =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_keyword_if() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("type if").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("if"));
+    assert!(out.contains("shell keyword"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_keyword_for() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("type for").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("for"));
+    assert!(out.contains("shell keyword"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Functions =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_function() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("myfn() { echo hi; }").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("type myfn").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("myfn"));
+    assert!(out.contains("function"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Aliases =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_alias() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias ll='ls -la'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("type ll").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("ll"));
+    assert!(out.contains("alias"));
+    assert!(out.contains("ls -la"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== External commands =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_external_command() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // /bin/cat or /usr/bin/cat should exist on any Unix system
+    test_input("type cat").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("cat"));
+    assert!(out.contains("is"));
+    assert!(out.contains("/"));  // Should show a path
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Not found =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_not_found() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("type __hopefully____not_______a____command__");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Priority order =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_function_shadows_builtin() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    // Define a function named 'echo' — should shadow the builtin
+    test_input("echo() { true; }").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("type echo").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("function"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_alias_shadows_external() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("alias cat='echo meow'").unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("type cat").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    // alias check comes before external PATH scan
+    assert!(out.contains("alias"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Status =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn type_status_zero_on_found() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("type echo").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/keymap.rs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl KeyMapOpts {
     }
     Ok(Self { remove, flags })
   }
-  pub fn keymap_opts() -> [OptSpec; 6] {
+  pub fn keymap_opts() -> [OptSpec; 7] {
     [
       OptSpec {
         opt: Opt::Short('n'), // normal mode
@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ impl KeyMapOpts {
         opt: Opt::Short('o'), // operator-pending mode
         takes_arg: false,
       },
+			OptSpec {
+				opt: Opt::Long("remove".into()),
+				takes_arg: true,
+			},
       OptSpec {
         opt: Opt::Short('r'), // replace mode
         takes_arg: false,
@@ -172,3 +176,169 @@ pub fn keymap(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::*;
+  use crate::getopt::Opt;
+  use crate::expand::expand_keymap;
+  use crate::state::{self, read_logic};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== KeyMapOpts parsing =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn opts_normal_mode() {
+    let opts = KeyMapOpts::from_opts(&[Opt::Short('n')]).unwrap();
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(KeyMapFlags::NORMAL));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn opts_insert_mode() {
+    let opts = KeyMapOpts::from_opts(&[Opt::Short('i')]).unwrap();
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(KeyMapFlags::INSERT));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn opts_multiple_modes() {
+    let opts = KeyMapOpts::from_opts(&[Opt::Short('n'), Opt::Short('i')]).unwrap();
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(KeyMapFlags::NORMAL));
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(KeyMapFlags::INSERT));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn opts_no_mode_errors() {
+    let result = KeyMapOpts::from_opts(&[]);
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn opts_remove() {
+    let opts = KeyMapOpts::from_opts(&[
+      Opt::Short('n'),
+      Opt::LongWithArg("remove".into(), "jk".into()),
+    ]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.remove, Some("jk".into()));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn opts_duplicate_remove_errors() {
+    let result = KeyMapOpts::from_opts(&[
+      Opt::Short('n'),
+      Opt::LongWithArg("remove".into(), "jk".into()),
+      Opt::LongWithArg("remove".into(), "kj".into()),
+    ]);
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== KeyMap::compare =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compare_exact_match() {
+    let km = KeyMap {
+      flags: KeyMapFlags::NORMAL,
+      keys: "jk".into(),
+      action: "<ESC>".into(),
+    };
+    let keys = expand_keymap("jk");
+    assert_eq!(km.compare(&keys), KeyMapMatch::IsExact);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compare_prefix_match() {
+    let km = KeyMap {
+      flags: KeyMapFlags::NORMAL,
+      keys: "jk".into(),
+      action: "<ESC>".into(),
+    };
+    let keys = expand_keymap("j");
+    assert_eq!(km.compare(&keys), KeyMapMatch::IsPrefix);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn compare_no_match() {
+    let km = KeyMap {
+      flags: KeyMapFlags::NORMAL,
+      keys: "jk".into(),
+      action: "<ESC>".into(),
+    };
+    let keys = expand_keymap("zz");
+    assert_eq!(km.compare(&keys), KeyMapMatch::NoMatch);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Registration via test_input =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn keymap_register() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("keymap -n jk '<ESC>'").unwrap();
+
+    let maps = read_logic(|l| l.keymaps_filtered(
+      KeyMapFlags::NORMAL,
+      &expand_keymap("jk"),
+    ));
+    assert!(!maps.is_empty());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn keymap_register_insert() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("keymap -i jk '<ESC>'").unwrap();
+
+    let maps = read_logic(|l| l.keymaps_filtered(
+      KeyMapFlags::INSERT,
+      &expand_keymap("jk"),
+    ));
+    assert!(!maps.is_empty());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn keymap_overwrite() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("keymap -n jk '<ESC>'").unwrap();
+    test_input("keymap -n jk 'dd'").unwrap();
+
+    let maps = read_logic(|l| l.keymaps_filtered(
+      KeyMapFlags::NORMAL,
+      &expand_keymap("jk"),
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(maps.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(maps[0].action, "dd");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn keymap_remove() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("keymap -n jk '<ESC>'").unwrap();
+    test_input("keymap -n --remove jk").unwrap();
+
+    let maps = read_logic(|l| l.keymaps_filtered(
+      KeyMapFlags::NORMAL,
+      &expand_keymap("jk"),
+    ));
+    assert!(maps.is_empty());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn keymap_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("keymap -n jk '<ESC>'").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Error cases =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn keymap_missing_keys() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("keymap -n");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn keymap_missing_action() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("keymap -n jk");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+}

src/builtin/map.rs

@@ -368,6 +368,240 @@ pub fn map(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   Ok(())
 }
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::{MapNode, MapFlags, get_map_opts};
+  use crate::getopt::Opt;
+  use crate::state::{self, read_vars};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== Pure: MapNode get/set/remove =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_set_and_get() {
+    let mut root = MapNode::default();
+    root.set(&["key".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("val".into()));
+    let node = root.get(&["key".into()]).unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(node, MapNode::StaticLeaf(s) if s == "val"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_nested_set_and_get() {
+    let mut root = MapNode::default();
+    root.set(
+      &["a".into(), "b".into(), "c".into()],
+      MapNode::StaticLeaf("deep".into()),
+    );
+    let node = root.get(&["a".into(), "b".into(), "c".into()]).unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(node, MapNode::StaticLeaf(s) if s == "deep"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_get_missing() {
+    let root = MapNode::default();
+    assert!(root.get(&["nope".into()]).is_none());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_remove() {
+    let mut root = MapNode::default();
+    root.set(&["key".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("val".into()));
+    let removed = root.remove(&["key".into()]);
+    assert!(removed.is_some());
+    assert!(root.get(&["key".into()]).is_none());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_remove_nested() {
+    let mut root = MapNode::default();
+    root.set(
+      &["a".into(), "b".into()],
+      MapNode::StaticLeaf("val".into()),
+    );
+    root.remove(&["a".into(), "b".into()]);
+    assert!(root.get(&["a".into(), "b".into()]).is_none());
+    // Parent branch should still exist
+    assert!(root.get(&["a".into()]).is_some());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_keys() {
+    let mut root = MapNode::default();
+    root.set(&["x".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("1".into()));
+    root.set(&["y".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("2".into()));
+    let mut keys = root.keys();
+    keys.sort();
+    assert_eq!(keys, vec!["x", "y"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_display_leaf() {
+    let leaf = MapNode::StaticLeaf("hello".into());
+    assert_eq!(leaf.display(false, false).unwrap(), "hello");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_display_json() {
+    let mut root = MapNode::default();
+    root.set(&["k".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("v".into()));
+    let json = root.display(true, false).unwrap();
+    assert!(json.contains("\"k\""));
+    assert!(json.contains("\"v\""));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_overwrite() {
+    let mut root = MapNode::default();
+    root.set(&["key".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("old".into()));
+    root.set(&["key".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("new".into()));
+    let node = root.get(&["key".into()]).unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(node, MapNode::StaticLeaf(s) if s == "new"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_promote_leaf_to_branch() {
+    let mut root = MapNode::default();
+    root.set(&["key".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("leaf".into()));
+    // Setting a sub-path should promote the leaf to a branch
+    root.set(
+      &["key".into(), "sub".into()],
+      MapNode::StaticLeaf("nested".into()),
+    );
+    let node = root.get(&["key".into(), "sub".into()]).unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(node, MapNode::StaticLeaf(s) if s == "nested"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Pure: MapNode JSON round-trip =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn mapnode_json_roundtrip() {
+    let mut root = MapNode::default();
+    root.set(&["name".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("test".into()));
+    root.set(&["count".into()], MapNode::StaticLeaf("42".into()));
+
+    let val: serde_json::Value = root.clone().into();
+    let back: MapNode = val.into();
+    assert!(back.get(&["name".into()]).is_some());
+    assert!(back.get(&["count".into()]).is_some());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Pure: option parsing =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_remove_flag() {
+    let opts = get_map_opts(vec![Opt::Short('r')]);
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(MapFlags::REMOVE));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_json_flag() {
+    let opts = get_map_opts(vec![Opt::Short('j')]);
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(MapFlags::JSON));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_keys_flag() {
+    let opts = get_map_opts(vec![Opt::Short('k')]);
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(MapFlags::KEYS));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_pretty_flag() {
+    let opts = get_map_opts(vec![Opt::Long("pretty".into())]);
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(MapFlags::PRETTY));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_func_flag() {
+    let opts = get_map_opts(vec![Opt::Short('F')]);
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(MapFlags::FUNC));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_combined_flags() {
+    let opts = get_map_opts(vec![Opt::Short('j'), Opt::Short('k')]);
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(MapFlags::JSON));
+    assert!(opts.flags.contains(MapFlags::KEYS));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Integration =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn map_set_and_read() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("map mymap.key=hello").unwrap();
+    test_input("map mymap.key").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out.trim(), "hello");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn map_nested_path() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("map mymap.a.b.c=deep").unwrap();
+    test_input("map mymap.a.b.c").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out.trim(), "deep");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn map_remove() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("map mymap.key=val").unwrap();
+    test_input("map -r mymap.key").unwrap();
+    let has = read_vars(|v| {
+      v.get_map("mymap")
+        .and_then(|m| m.get(&["key".into()]).cloned())
+        .is_some()
+    });
+    assert!(!has);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn map_remove_entire() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("map mymap.key=val").unwrap();
+    test_input("map -r mymap").unwrap();
+    let has = read_vars(|v| v.get_map("mymap").is_some());
+    assert!(!has);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn map_keys() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("map mymap.x=1").unwrap();
+    test_input("map mymap.y=2").unwrap();
+    test_input("map -k mymap").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("x"));
+    assert!(out.contains("y"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn map_json_output() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("map mymap.key=val").unwrap();
+    test_input("map -j mymap").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("\"key\""));
+    assert!(out.contains("\"val\""));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn map_nonexistent_errors() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("map __no_such_map__");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn map_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("map mymap.key=val").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}
+
 pub fn get_map_opts(opts: Vec<Opt>) -> MapOpts {
   let mut map_opts = MapOpts {
     flags: MapFlags::empty(),

src/builtin/mod.rs

@@ -23,12 +23,11 @@ pub mod source;
 pub mod test; // [[ ]] thing
 pub mod trap;
 pub mod varcmds;
-pub mod zoltraak;
 pub mod resource;
 
 pub const BUILTINS: [&str; 49] = [
-  "echo", "cd", "read", "export", "local", "pwd", "source", "shift", "jobs", "fg", "bg", "disown",
-  "alias", "unalias", "return", "break", "continue", "exit", "zoltraak", "shopt", "builtin",
+  "echo", "cd", "read", "export", "local", "pwd", "source", ".", "shift", "jobs", "fg", "bg", "disown",
+  "alias", "unalias", "return", "break", "continue", "exit", "shopt", "builtin",
   "command", "trap", "pushd", "popd", "dirs", "exec", "eval", "true", "false", ":", "readonly",
   "unset", "complete", "compgen", "map", "pop", "fpop", "push", "fpush", "rotate", "wait", "type",
   "getopts", "keymap", "read_key", "autocmd", "ulimit", "umask"
@@ -48,3 +47,34 @@ pub fn noop_builtin() -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod tests {
+    use crate::{state, testutil::{TestGuard, test_input}};
+
+	// You can never be too sure!!!!!!
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_true() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		test_input("true").unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_false() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		test_input("false").unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_noop() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		test_input(":").unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+	}
+}

src/builtin/pwd.rs

@@ -24,3 +24,41 @@ pub fn pwd(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use std::env;
+  use tempfile::TempDir;
+  use crate::state;
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  #[test]
+  fn pwd_prints_cwd() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let cwd = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+
+    test_input("pwd").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out.trim(), cwd.display().to_string());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn pwd_after_cd() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    let tmp = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+
+    test_input(format!("cd {}", tmp.path().display())).unwrap();
+    guard.read_output();
+
+    test_input("pwd").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out.trim(), tmp.path().display().to_string());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn pwd_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("pwd").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/read.rs

@@ -212,7 +212,8 @@ pub fn read_builtin(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
     for (i, arg) in argv.iter().enumerate() {
       if i == argv.len() - 1 {
         // Last arg, stuff the rest of the input into it
-        write_vars(|v| v.set_var(&arg.0, VarKind::Str(remaining.clone()), VarFlags::NONE))?;
+        let trimmed = remaining.trim_start_matches(|c: char| field_sep.contains(c));
+        write_vars(|v| v.set_var(&arg.0, VarKind::Str(trimmed.to_string()), VarFlags::NONE))?;
         break;
       }
 
@@ -340,6 +341,134 @@ pub fn read_key(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   Ok(())
 }
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state::{self, read_vars, write_vars, VarFlags, VarKind};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== Basic read into REPLY =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_pipe_into_reply() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("read < <(echo hello)").unwrap();
+    let val = read_vars(|v| v.get_var("REPLY"));
+    assert_eq!(val, "hello");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_pipe_into_named_var() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("read myvar < <(echo world)").unwrap();
+    let val = read_vars(|v| v.get_var("myvar"));
+    assert_eq!(val, "world");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Field splitting =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_two_vars() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("read a b < <(echo 'hello world')").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("a")), "hello");
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("b")), "world");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_last_var_gets_remainder() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("read a b < <(echo 'one two three four')").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("a")), "one");
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("b")), "two three four");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_more_vars_than_fields() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("read a b c < <(echo 'only')").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("a")), "only");
+    // b and c get empty strings since there are no more fields
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("b")), "");
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("c")), "");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Custom IFS =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_custom_ifs() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    write_vars(|v| v.set_var("IFS", VarKind::Str(":".into()), VarFlags::NONE)).unwrap();
+
+    test_input("read x y z < <(echo 'a:b:c')").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("x")), "a");
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("y")), "b");
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("z")), "c");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_custom_ifs_remainder() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    write_vars(|v| v.set_var("IFS", VarKind::Str(":".into()), VarFlags::NONE)).unwrap();
+
+    test_input("read x y < <(echo 'a:b:c:d')").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("x")), "a");
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("y")), "b:c:d");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Custom delimiter =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_custom_delim() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    // -d sets the delimiter; printf sends "hello,world" — read stops at ','
+    test_input("read -d , myvar < <(echo -n 'hello,world')").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("myvar")), "hello");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Status =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("read < <(echo hello)").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn read_eof_status_one() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    // Empty input / EOF should set status 1
+    test_input("read < <(echo -n '')").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Flag parsing (pure) =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn flags_raw_mode() {
+    use super::get_read_flags;
+    use crate::getopt::Opt;
+    let flags = get_read_flags(vec![Opt::Short('r')]).unwrap();
+    assert!(flags.flags.contains(super::ReadFlags::NO_ESCAPES));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn flags_prompt() {
+    use super::get_read_flags;
+    use crate::getopt::Opt;
+    let flags = get_read_flags(vec![Opt::ShortWithArg('p', "Enter: ".into())]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(flags.prompt, Some("Enter: ".into()));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn flags_delimiter() {
+    use super::get_read_flags;
+    use crate::getopt::Opt;
+    let flags = get_read_flags(vec![Opt::ShortWithArg('d', ",".into())]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(flags.delim, b',');
+  }
+}
+
 pub fn get_read_key_opts(opts: Vec<Opt>) -> ShResult<ReadKeyOpts> {
   let mut read_key_opts = ReadKeyOpts {
     var_name: None,

src/builtin/resource.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use nix::sys::resource::{Resource, getrlimit, setrlimit};
 use yansi::Color;
 
 use crate::{
-  getopt::{Opt, OptSpec, get_opts_from_tokens}, libsh::error::{ShErr, ShErrKind, ShResult, ShResultExt, next_color}, parse::{NdRule, Node, execute::prepare_argv}, prelude::*, state::{self}
+  getopt::{Opt, OptSpec, get_opts_from_tokens, get_opts_from_tokens_strict}, libsh::error::{ShErr, ShErrKind, ShResult, ShResultExt, next_color}, parse::{NdRule, Node, execute::prepare_argv}, prelude::*, state::{self}
 };
 
 fn ulimit_opt_spec() -> [OptSpec;5] {
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ pub fn ulimit(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
     unreachable!()
   };
 
-	let (_, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens(argv, &ulimit_opt_spec()).promote_err(span.clone())?;
+	let (_, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens_strict(argv, &ulimit_opt_spec()).promote_err(span.clone())?;
 	let ulimit_opts = get_ulimit_opts(&opts).promote_err(span.clone())?;
 
 	if let Some(fds) = ulimit_opts.fds {
@@ -167,3 +167,99 @@ pub fn ulimit(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::get_ulimit_opts;
+  use crate::getopt::Opt;
+  use crate::state;
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+  use nix::sys::resource::{Resource, getrlimit};
+
+  // ===================== Pure: option parsing =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_fds() {
+    let opts = get_ulimit_opts(&[Opt::ShortWithArg('n', "1024".into())]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.fds, Some(1024));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_procs() {
+    let opts = get_ulimit_opts(&[Opt::ShortWithArg('u', "512".into())]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.procs, Some(512));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_stack() {
+    let opts = get_ulimit_opts(&[Opt::ShortWithArg('s', "8192".into())]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.stack, Some(8192));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_core() {
+    let opts = get_ulimit_opts(&[Opt::ShortWithArg('c', "0".into())]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.core, Some(0));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_vmem() {
+    let opts = get_ulimit_opts(&[Opt::ShortWithArg('v', "100000".into())]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.vmem, Some(100000));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_multiple() {
+    let opts = get_ulimit_opts(&[
+      Opt::ShortWithArg('n', "256".into()),
+      Opt::ShortWithArg('c', "0".into()),
+    ]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.fds, Some(256));
+    assert_eq!(opts.core, Some(0));
+    assert!(opts.procs.is_none());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_non_numeric_fails() {
+    let result = get_ulimit_opts(&[Opt::ShortWithArg('n', "abc".into())]);
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_invalid_option() {
+    let result = get_ulimit_opts(&[Opt::Short('z')]);
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Integration =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn ulimit_set_core_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    // Setting core dump size to 0 is always safe
+    test_input("ulimit -c 0").unwrap();
+    let (soft, _) = getrlimit(Resource::RLIMIT_CORE).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(soft, 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn ulimit_invalid_flag() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("ulimit -z 100");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn ulimit_non_numeric_value() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("ulimit -n abc");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn ulimit_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("ulimit -c 0").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/shift.rs

@@ -35,3 +35,53 @@ pub fn shift(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state;
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shift_in_function() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("f() { echo $1; shift 1; echo $1; }").unwrap();
+    test_input("f a b").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    let lines: Vec<&str> = out.lines().collect();
+    assert_eq!(lines[0], "a");
+    assert_eq!(lines[1], "b");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shift_multiple() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("f() { shift 2; echo $1; }").unwrap();
+    test_input("f a b c").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out.trim(), "c");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shift_all_params() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("f() { shift 3; echo \"[$1]\"; }").unwrap();
+    test_input("f a b c").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert_eq!(out.trim(), "[]");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shift_non_numeric_fails() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("shift abc");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shift_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("f() { shift 1; }").unwrap();
+    test_input("f a b").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/shopt.rs

@@ -45,3 +45,104 @@ pub fn shopt(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state::{self, read_shopts};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== Display =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_no_args_displays_all() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("shopt").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("dotglob"));
+    assert!(out.contains("autocd"));
+    assert!(out.contains("max_hist"));
+    assert!(out.contains("edit_mode"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_query_category() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("shopt core").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("dotglob"));
+    assert!(out.contains("autocd"));
+    // Should not contain prompt opts
+    assert!(!out.contains("edit_mode"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_query_single_opt() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("shopt core.dotglob").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("false"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Set =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_set_bool() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("shopt core.dotglob=true").unwrap();
+    assert!(read_shopts(|o| o.core.dotglob));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_set_int() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("shopt core.max_hist=500").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_shopts(|o| o.core.max_hist), 500);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_set_string() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("shopt prompt.leader=space").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_shopts(|o| o.prompt.leader.clone()), "space");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_set_edit_mode() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("shopt prompt.edit_mode=emacs").unwrap();
+    let mode = read_shopts(|o| format!("{}", o.prompt.edit_mode));
+    assert_eq!(mode, "emacs");
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Error cases =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_invalid_category() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("shopt bogus.dotglob");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_invalid_option() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("shopt core.nonexistent");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_invalid_value() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("shopt core.dotglob=notabool");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Status =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn shopt_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("shopt core.autocd=true").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/source.rs

@@ -41,3 +41,131 @@ pub fn source(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod tests {
+    use std::io::Write;
+
+    use tempfile::{NamedTempFile, TempDir};
+    use crate::state::{self, read_logic, read_vars};
+    use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_simple() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+		let path = file.path().display().to_string();
+		file.write_all(b"some_var=some_val").unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("source {path}")).unwrap();
+		let var = read_vars(|v| v.get_var("some_var"));
+		assert_eq!(var, "some_val".to_string());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_multiple_commands() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+		let path = file.path().display().to_string();
+		file.write_all(b"x=1\ny=2\nz=3").unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("source {path}")).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("x")), "1");
+		assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("y")), "2");
+		assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("z")), "3");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_defines_function() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+		let path = file.path().display().to_string();
+		file.write_all(b"greet() { echo hi; }").unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("source {path}")).unwrap();
+		let func = read_logic(|l| l.get_func("greet"));
+		assert!(func.is_some());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_defines_alias() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+		let path = file.path().display().to_string();
+		file.write_all(b"alias ll='ls -la'").unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("source {path}")).unwrap();
+		let alias = read_logic(|l| l.get_alias("ll"));
+		assert!(alias.is_some());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_output_captured() {
+		let guard = TestGuard::new();
+		let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+		let path = file.path().display().to_string();
+		file.write_all(b"echo sourced").unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("source {path}")).unwrap();
+		let out = guard.read_output();
+		assert!(out.contains("sourced"));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_multiple_files() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let mut file1 = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+		let mut file2 = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+		let path1 = file1.path().display().to_string();
+		let path2 = file2.path().display().to_string();
+		file1.write_all(b"a=from_file1").unwrap();
+		file2.write_all(b"b=from_file2").unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("source {path1} {path2}")).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("a")), "from_file1");
+		assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("b")), "from_file2");
+	}
+
+	// ===================== Dot syntax =====================
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_dot_syntax() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+		let path = file.path().display().to_string();
+		file.write_all(b"dot_var=dot_val").unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!(". {path}")).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("dot_var")), "dot_val");
+	}
+
+	// ===================== Error cases =====================
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_nonexistent_file() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let result = test_input("source /tmp/__no_such_file_xyz__");
+		assert!(result.is_err());
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_directory_fails() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let result = test_input(format!("source {}", dir.path().display()));
+		assert!(result.is_err());
+	}
+
+	// ===================== Status =====================
+
+	#[test]
+	fn source_status_zero() {
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+		let mut file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+		let path = file.path().display().to_string();
+		file.write_all(b"true").unwrap();
+
+		test_input(format!("source {path}")).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+	}
+}

src/builtin/test.rs

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl FromStr for TestOp {
       "-ge" => Ok(Self::IntGe),
       "-le" => Ok(Self::IntLe),
       _ if TEST_UNARY_OPS.contains(&s) => Ok(Self::Unary(s.parse::<UnaryOp>()?)),
-      _ => Err(ShErr::simple(ShErrKind::SyntaxErr, "Invalid test operator")),
+      _ => Err(ShErr::simple(ShErrKind::SyntaxErr, format!("Invalid test operator '{}'", s))),
     }
   }
 }
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ pub fn double_bracket_test(node: Node) -> ShResult<bool> {
   };
   let mut last_result = false;
   let mut conjunct_op: Option<ConjunctOp>;
+	log::trace!("test cases: {:#?}", cases);
 
   for case in cases {
     let result = match case {
@@ -290,21 +291,332 @@ pub fn double_bracket_test(node: Node) -> ShResult<bool> {
       }
     };
 
+    last_result = result;
     if let Some(op) = conjunct_op {
       match op {
-        ConjunctOp::And if !last_result => {
-          last_result = result;
-          break;
-        }
-        ConjunctOp::Or if last_result => {
-          last_result = result;
-          break;
-        }
+        ConjunctOp::And if !last_result => break,
+        ConjunctOp::Or if last_result => break,
         _ => {}
       }
-    } else {
-      last_result = result;
     }
   }
   Ok(last_result)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use std::fs;
+  use tempfile::{TempDir, NamedTempFile};
+  use crate::state;
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== Unary: file tests =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_exists_true() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+    test_input(format!("[[ -e {} ]]", file.path().display())).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_exists_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -e /tmp/__no_such_file_test_rs__ ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_is_directory() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+    test_input(format!("[[ -d {} ]]", dir.path().display())).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_is_directory_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+    test_input(format!("[[ -d {} ]]", file.path().display())).unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_is_file() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+    test_input(format!("[[ -f {} ]]", file.path().display())).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_is_file_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let dir = TempDir::new().unwrap();
+    test_input(format!("[[ -f {} ]]", dir.path().display())).unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_readable() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+    test_input(format!("[[ -r {} ]]", file.path().display())).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_writable() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+    test_input(format!("[[ -w {} ]]", file.path().display())).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_non_empty_file() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+    fs::write(file.path(), "content").unwrap();
+    test_input(format!("[[ -s {} ]]", file.path().display())).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_empty_file() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+    test_input(format!("[[ -s {} ]]", file.path().display())).unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Unary: string tests =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_non_null_true() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -n hello ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_non_null_empty() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -n '' ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_null_true() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -z '' ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_null_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -z hello ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Binary: string comparison =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_string_eq() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ hello == hello ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_string_eq_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ hello == world ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_string_neq() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ hello != world ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_string_neq_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ hello != hello ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_string_glob_match() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ hello == hel* ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_string_glob_no_match() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ hello == wor* ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Binary: integer comparison =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_eq() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ 42 -eq 42 ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_eq_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ 42 -eq 43 ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_ne() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ 1 -ne 2 ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_gt() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ 10 -gt 5 ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_gt_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ 5 -gt 10 ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_lt() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ 5 -lt 10 ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_ge() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ 10 -ge 10 ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_le() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ 5 -le 5 ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_negative() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -5 -lt 0 ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_int_non_integer_errors() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("[[ abc -eq 1 ]]");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Binary: regex match =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_regex_match() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ hello123 =~ ^hello[0-9]+$ ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_regex_no_match() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ goodbye =~ ^hello ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Conjuncts =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_and_both_true() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -n hello && -n world ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_and_first_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -z hello && -n world ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_or_first_true() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -n hello || -z hello ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_or_both_false() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("[[ -z hello || -z world ]]").unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Pure: operator parsing =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_unary_ops() {
+    use super::UnaryOp;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    for op in ["-e", "-d", "-f", "-h", "-L", "-r", "-w", "-x", "-s",
+               "-p", "-S", "-b", "-c", "-k", "-O", "-G", "-N", "-u",
+               "-g", "-t", "-n", "-z"] {
+      assert!(UnaryOp::from_str(op).is_ok(), "failed to parse {op}");
+    }
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_invalid_unary_op() {
+    use super::UnaryOp;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    assert!(UnaryOp::from_str("-Q").is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_binary_ops() {
+    use super::TestOp;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    for op in ["==", "!=", "=~", "-eq", "-ne", "-gt", "-lt", "-ge", "-le"] {
+      assert!(TestOp::from_str(op).is_ok(), "failed to parse {op}");
+    }
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_invalid_binary_op() {
+    use super::TestOp;
+    use std::str::FromStr;
+    assert!(TestOp::from_str("~=").is_err());
+  }
+}

src/builtin/trap.rs

@@ -167,3 +167,146 @@ pub fn trap(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::TrapTarget;
+  use std::str::FromStr;
+  use nix::sys::signal::Signal;
+  use crate::state::{self, read_logic};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== Pure: TrapTarget parsing =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_exit() {
+    assert_eq!(TrapTarget::from_str("EXIT").unwrap(), TrapTarget::Exit);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_err() {
+    assert_eq!(TrapTarget::from_str("ERR").unwrap(), TrapTarget::Error);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_signal_int() {
+    assert_eq!(
+      TrapTarget::from_str("INT").unwrap(),
+      TrapTarget::Signal(Signal::SIGINT)
+    );
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_signal_term() {
+    assert_eq!(
+      TrapTarget::from_str("TERM").unwrap(),
+      TrapTarget::Signal(Signal::SIGTERM)
+    );
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_signal_usr1() {
+    assert_eq!(
+      TrapTarget::from_str("USR1").unwrap(),
+      TrapTarget::Signal(Signal::SIGUSR1)
+    );
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_invalid() {
+    assert!(TrapTarget::from_str("BOGUS").is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Pure: Display round-trip =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn display_exit() {
+    assert_eq!(TrapTarget::Exit.to_string(), "EXIT");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn display_err() {
+    assert_eq!(TrapTarget::Error.to_string(), "ERR");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn display_signal_roundtrip() {
+    for name in &["INT", "QUIT", "TERM", "USR1", "USR2", "ALRM", "CHLD", "WINCH"] {
+      let target = TrapTarget::from_str(name).unwrap();
+      assert_eq!(target.to_string(), *name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Integration: registration =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn trap_registers_exit() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("trap 'echo bye' EXIT").unwrap();
+    let cmd = read_logic(|l| l.get_trap(TrapTarget::Exit));
+    assert_eq!(cmd.unwrap(), "echo bye");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn trap_registers_signal() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("trap 'echo caught' INT").unwrap();
+    let cmd = read_logic(|l| l.get_trap(TrapTarget::Signal(Signal::SIGINT)));
+    assert_eq!(cmd.unwrap(), "echo caught");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn trap_multiple_signals() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("trap 'handle' INT TERM").unwrap();
+    let int = read_logic(|l| l.get_trap(TrapTarget::Signal(Signal::SIGINT)));
+    let term = read_logic(|l| l.get_trap(TrapTarget::Signal(Signal::SIGTERM)));
+    assert_eq!(int.unwrap(), "handle");
+    assert_eq!(term.unwrap(), "handle");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn trap_remove() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("trap 'echo hi' EXIT").unwrap();
+    assert!(read_logic(|l| l.get_trap(TrapTarget::Exit)).is_some());
+    test_input("trap - EXIT").unwrap();
+    assert!(read_logic(|l| l.get_trap(TrapTarget::Exit)).is_none());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn trap_display() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("trap 'echo bye' EXIT").unwrap();
+    test_input("trap").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("echo bye"));
+    assert!(out.contains("EXIT"));
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Error cases =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn trap_single_arg_usage() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    // Single arg prints usage and sets status 1
+    test_input("trap 'echo hi'").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 1);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn trap_invalid_signal() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("trap 'echo hi' BOGUS");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  // ===================== Status =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn trap_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("trap 'echo bye' EXIT").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/varcmds.rs

@@ -196,3 +196,219 @@ pub fn local(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
   state::set_status(0);
   Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::state::{self, VarFlags, read_vars};
+  use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, test_input};
+
+  // ===================== readonly =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn readonly_sets_flag() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("readonly myvar").unwrap();
+    let flags = read_vars(|v| v.get_var_flags("myvar"));
+    assert!(flags.unwrap().contains(VarFlags::READONLY));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn readonly_with_value() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("readonly myvar=hello").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("myvar")), "hello");
+    let flags = read_vars(|v| v.get_var_flags("myvar"));
+    assert!(flags.unwrap().contains(VarFlags::READONLY));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn readonly_prevents_reassignment() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("readonly myvar=hello").unwrap();
+    let result = test_input("myvar=world");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("myvar")), "hello");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn readonly_display() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("readonly rdo_test_var=abc").unwrap();
+    test_input("readonly").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("rdo_test_var=abc"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn readonly_multiple() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("readonly a=1 b=2").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("a")), "1");
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("b")), "2");
+    assert!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var_flags("a")).unwrap().contains(VarFlags::READONLY));
+    assert!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var_flags("b")).unwrap().contains(VarFlags::READONLY));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn readonly_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("readonly x=1").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== unset =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unset_removes_variable() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("myvar=hello").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("myvar")), "hello");
+    test_input("unset myvar").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("myvar")), "");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unset_multiple() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("a=1").unwrap();
+    test_input("b=2").unwrap();
+    test_input("unset a b").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("a")), "");
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("b")), "");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unset_nonexistent_fails() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("unset __no_such_var__");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unset_no_args_fails() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    let result = test_input("unset");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unset_readonly_fails() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("readonly myvar=protected").unwrap();
+    let result = test_input("unset myvar");
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("myvar")), "protected");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn unset_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("x=1").unwrap();
+    test_input("unset x").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+
+  // ===================== export =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn export_with_value() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("export SHED_TEST_VAR=hello_export").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("SHED_TEST_VAR")), "hello_export");
+    assert_eq!(std::env::var("SHED_TEST_VAR").unwrap(), "hello_export");
+    unsafe { std::env::remove_var("SHED_TEST_VAR") };
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn export_existing_variable() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("SHED_TEST_VAR2=existing").unwrap();
+    test_input("export SHED_TEST_VAR2").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(std::env::var("SHED_TEST_VAR2").unwrap(), "existing");
+    unsafe { std::env::remove_var("SHED_TEST_VAR2") };
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn export_sets_flag() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("export SHED_TEST_VAR3=flagged").unwrap();
+    let flags = read_vars(|v| v.get_var_flags("SHED_TEST_VAR3"));
+    assert!(flags.unwrap().contains(VarFlags::EXPORT));
+    unsafe { std::env::remove_var("SHED_TEST_VAR3") };
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn export_display() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("export").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("PATH=") || out.contains("HOME="));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn export_multiple() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("export SHED_A=1 SHED_B=2").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(std::env::var("SHED_A").unwrap(), "1");
+    assert_eq!(std::env::var("SHED_B").unwrap(), "2");
+    unsafe { std::env::remove_var("SHED_A") };
+    unsafe { std::env::remove_var("SHED_B") };
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn export_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("export SHED_ST=1").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+    unsafe { std::env::remove_var("SHED_ST") };
+  }
+
+  // ===================== local =====================
+
+  #[test]
+  fn local_sets_variable() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("local mylocal=hello").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("mylocal")), "hello");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn local_sets_flag() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("local mylocal=val").unwrap();
+    let flags = read_vars(|v| v.get_var_flags("mylocal"));
+    assert!(flags.unwrap().contains(VarFlags::LOCAL));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn local_empty_value() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("local mylocal").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("mylocal")), "");
+    assert!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var_flags("mylocal")).unwrap().contains(VarFlags::LOCAL));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn local_display() {
+    let guard = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("lv_test=display_val").unwrap();
+    test_input("local").unwrap();
+    let out = guard.read_output();
+    assert!(out.contains("lv_test=display_val"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn local_multiple() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("local x=10 y=20").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("x")), "10");
+    assert_eq!(read_vars(|v| v.get_var("y")), "20");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn local_status_zero() {
+    let _g = TestGuard::new();
+    test_input("local z=1").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(state::get_status(), 0);
+  }
+}

src/builtin/zoltraak.rs

@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
-
-use crate::{
-  getopt::{Opt, OptSpec, get_opts_from_tokens},
-  libsh::error::{ShErr, ShErrKind, ShResult, ShResultExt},
-  parse::{NdRule, Node, execute::prepare_argv},
-  prelude::*,
-  procio::borrow_fd,
-};
-
-bitflags! {
-  #[derive(Clone,Copy,Debug,PartialEq,Eq)]
-  struct ZoltFlags: u32 {
-    const DRY              = 0b000001;
-    const CONFIRM          = 0b000010;
-    const NO_PRESERVE_ROOT = 0b000100;
-    const RECURSIVE        = 0b001000;
-    const FORCE            = 0b010000;
-    const VERBOSE          = 0b100000;
-  }
-}
-
-/// Annihilate a file
-///
-/// This command works similarly to 'rm', but behaves more destructively.
-/// The file given as an argument is completely destroyed. The command works by
-/// shredding all of the data contained in the file, before truncating the
-/// length of the file to 0 to ensure that not even any metadata remains.
-pub fn zoltraak(node: Node) -> ShResult<()> {
-  let NdRule::Command {
-    assignments: _,
-    argv,
-  } = node.class
-  else {
-    unreachable!()
-  };
-  let zolt_opts = [
-    OptSpec {
-      opt: Opt::Long("dry-run".into()),
-      takes_arg: false,
-    },
-    OptSpec {
-      opt: Opt::Long("confirm".into()),
-      takes_arg: false,
-    },
-    OptSpec {
-      opt: Opt::Long("no-preserve-root".into()),
-      takes_arg: false,
-    },
-    OptSpec {
-      opt: Opt::Short('r'),
-      takes_arg: false,
-    },
-    OptSpec {
-      opt: Opt::Short('f'),
-      takes_arg: false,
-    },
-    OptSpec {
-      opt: Opt::Short('v'),
-      takes_arg: false,
-    },
-  ];
-  let mut flags = ZoltFlags::empty();
-
-  let (argv, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens(argv, &zolt_opts)?;
-
-  for opt in opts {
-    match opt {
-      Opt::Long(flag) => match flag.as_str() {
-        "no-preserve-root" => flags |= ZoltFlags::NO_PRESERVE_ROOT,
-        "confirm" => flags |= ZoltFlags::CONFIRM,
-        "dry-run" => flags |= ZoltFlags::DRY,
-        _ => {
-          return Err(ShErr::simple(
-            ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
-            format!("zoltraak: unrecognized option '{flag}'"),
-          ));
-        }
-      },
-      Opt::Short(flag) => match flag {
-        'r' => flags |= ZoltFlags::RECURSIVE,
-        'f' => flags |= ZoltFlags::FORCE,
-        'v' => flags |= ZoltFlags::VERBOSE,
-        _ => {
-          return Err(ShErr::simple(
-            ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
-            format!("zoltraak: unrecognized option '{flag}'"),
-          ));
-        }
-      },
-      Opt::LongWithArg(flag, _) => {
-        return Err(ShErr::simple(
-          ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
-          format!("zoltraak: unrecognized option '{flag}'"),
-        ));
-      }
-      Opt::ShortWithArg(flag, _) => {
-        return Err(ShErr::simple(
-          ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
-          format!("zoltraak: unrecognized option '{flag}'"),
-        ));
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  let mut argv = prepare_argv(argv)?;
-  if !argv.is_empty() {
-    argv.remove(0);
-  }
-
-  for (arg, span) in argv {
-    if &arg == "/" && !flags.contains(ZoltFlags::NO_PRESERVE_ROOT) {
-      return Err(
-        ShErr::simple(
-          ShErrKind::ExecFail,
-          "zoltraak: Attempted to destroy root directory '/'",
-        )
-        .with_note("If you really want to do this, you can use the --no-preserve-root flag"),
-      );
-    }
-    annihilate(&arg, flags).blame(span)?
-  }
-
-  Ok(())
-}
-
-fn annihilate(path: &str, flags: ZoltFlags) -> ShResult<()> {
-  let path_buf = PathBuf::from(path);
-  let is_recursive = flags.contains(ZoltFlags::RECURSIVE);
-  let is_verbose = flags.contains(ZoltFlags::VERBOSE);
-
-  const BLOCK_SIZE: u64 = 4096;
-
-  if !path_buf.exists() {
-    return Err(ShErr::simple(
-      ShErrKind::ExecFail,
-      format!("zoltraak: File '{path}' not found"),
-    ));
-  }
-
-  if path_buf.is_file() {
-    let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
-      .write(true)
-      .custom_flags(libc::O_DIRECT)
-      .open(path_buf)?;
-
-    let meta = file.metadata()?;
-    let file_size = meta.len();
-    let full_blocks = file_size / BLOCK_SIZE;
-    let byte_remainder = file_size % BLOCK_SIZE;
-
-    let full_buf = vec![0; BLOCK_SIZE as usize];
-    let remainder_buf = vec![0; byte_remainder as usize];
-
-    for _ in 0..full_blocks {
-      file.write_all(&full_buf)?;
-    }
-
-    if byte_remainder > 0 {
-      file.write_all(&remainder_buf)?;
-    }
-
-    file.set_len(0)?;
-    mem::drop(file);
-    fs::remove_file(path)?;
-    if is_verbose {
-      let stderr = borrow_fd(STDERR_FILENO);
-      write(stderr, format!("shredded file '{path}'\n").as_bytes())?;
-    }
-  } else if path_buf.is_dir() {
-    if is_recursive {
-      annihilate_recursive(path, flags)?; // scary
-    } else {
-      return Err(
-        ShErr::simple(
-          ShErrKind::ExecFail,
-          format!("zoltraak: '{path}' is a directory"),
-        )
-        .with_note("Use the '-r' flag to recursively shred directories"),
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  Ok(())
-}
-
-fn annihilate_recursive(dir: &str, flags: ZoltFlags) -> ShResult<()> {
-  let dir_path = PathBuf::from(dir);
-  let is_verbose = flags.contains(ZoltFlags::VERBOSE);
-
-  for dir_entry in fs::read_dir(&dir_path)? {
-    let entry = dir_entry?.path();
-    let file = entry.to_str().unwrap();
-
-    if entry.is_file() {
-      annihilate(file, flags)?;
-    } else if entry.is_dir() {
-      annihilate_recursive(file, flags)?;
-    }
-  }
-  fs::remove_dir(dir)?;
-  if is_verbose {
-    let stderr = borrow_fd(STDERR_FILENO);
-    write(stderr, format!("shredded directory '{dir}'\n").as_bytes())?;
-  }
-  Ok(())
-}

src/getopt.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use ariadne::Fmt;
 use fmt::Display;
 
-use crate::{libsh::error::ShResult, parse::lex::Tk, prelude::*};
+use crate::{libsh::error::{ShErr, ShErrKind, ShResult, next_color}, parse::lex::Tk, prelude::*};
 
 pub type OptSet = Arc<[Opt]>;
 
@@ -67,10 +68,21 @@ pub fn get_opts(words: Vec<String>) -> (Vec<String>, Vec<Opt>) {
   (non_opts, opts)
 }
 
+pub fn get_opts_from_tokens_strict(
+	tokens: Vec<Tk>,
+	opt_specs: &[OptSpec],
+) -> ShResult<(Vec<Tk>, Vec<Opt>)> {
+	sort_tks(tokens, opt_specs, true)
+}
+
 pub fn get_opts_from_tokens(
   tokens: Vec<Tk>,
   opt_specs: &[OptSpec],
 ) -> ShResult<(Vec<Tk>, Vec<Opt>)> {
+	sort_tks(tokens, opt_specs, false)
+}
+
+pub fn sort_tks(tokens: Vec<Tk>, opt_specs: &[OptSpec], strict: bool) -> ShResult<(Vec<Tk>, Vec<Opt>)> {
   let mut tokens_iter = tokens
     .into_iter()
     .map(|t| t.expand())
@@ -113,10 +125,218 @@ pub fn get_opts_from_tokens(
           }
         }
         if !pushed {
-          non_opts.push(token.clone());
+					if strict {
+						return Err(ShErr::simple(
+							ShErrKind::ParseErr,
+							format!("Unknown option: {}", opt.to_string().fg(next_color())),
+						));
+					} else {
+						non_opts.push(token.clone());
+					}
         }
       }
     }
   }
   Ok((non_opts, opts))
 }
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use crate::parse::lex::{LexFlags, LexStream};
+
+use super::*;
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_short_single() {
+    let opts = Opt::parse("-a");
+    assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::Short('a')]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_short_combined() {
+    let opts = Opt::parse("-abc");
+    assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::Short('a'), Opt::Short('b'), Opt::Short('c')]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_long() {
+    let opts = Opt::parse("--verbose");
+    assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::Long("verbose".into())]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn parse_non_option() {
+    let opts = Opt::parse("hello");
+    assert!(opts.is_empty());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn get_opts_basic() {
+    let words = vec!["file.txt".into(), "-v".into(), "--help".into(), "arg".into()];
+    let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts(words);
+    assert_eq!(non_opts, vec!["file.txt", "arg"]);
+    assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::Short('v'), Opt::Long("help".into())]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn get_opts_double_dash_stops_parsing() {
+    let words = vec!["-a".into(), "--".into(), "-b".into(), "--foo".into()];
+    let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts(words);
+    assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::Short('a')]);
+    assert_eq!(non_opts, vec!["-b", "--foo"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn get_opts_combined_short() {
+    let words = vec!["-abc".into(), "file".into()];
+    let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts(words);
+    assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::Short('a'), Opt::Short('b'), Opt::Short('c')]);
+    assert_eq!(non_opts, vec!["file"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn get_opts_no_flags() {
+    let words = vec!["foo".into(), "bar".into()];
+    let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts(words);
+    assert!(opts.is_empty());
+    assert_eq!(non_opts, vec!["foo", "bar"]);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn get_opts_empty_input() {
+    let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts(vec![]);
+    assert!(opts.is_empty());
+    assert!(non_opts.is_empty());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn display_formatting() {
+    assert_eq!(Opt::Short('v').to_string(), "-v");
+    assert_eq!(Opt::Long("help".into()).to_string(), "--help");
+    assert_eq!(Opt::ShortWithArg('o', "file".into()).to_string(), "-o file");
+    assert_eq!(Opt::LongWithArg("output".into(), "file".into()).to_string(), "--output file");
+  }
+
+	fn lex(input: &str) -> Vec<Tk> {
+		LexStream::new(Arc::new(input.to_string()), LexFlags::empty())
+			.collect::<ShResult<Vec<Tk>>>()
+			.unwrap()
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn get_opts_from_tks() {
+		let tokens = lex("file.txt --help -v arg");
+
+		let opt_spec = vec![
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Short('v'), takes_arg: false },
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Long("help".into()), takes_arg: false },
+		];
+
+		let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens(tokens, &opt_spec).unwrap();
+
+		let mut opts = opts.into_iter();
+		assert!(opts.any(|o| o == Opt::Short('v') || o == Opt::Long("help".into())));
+		assert!(opts.any(|o| o == Opt::Short('v') || o == Opt::Long("help".into())));
+
+		let mut non_opts = non_opts.into_iter().map(|s| s.to_string());
+		assert!(non_opts.any(|s| s == "file.txt" || s == "arg"));
+		assert!(non_opts.any(|s| s == "file.txt" || s == "arg"));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn tks_short_with_arg() {
+		let tokens = lex("-o output.txt file.txt");
+
+		let opt_spec = vec![
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Short('o'), takes_arg: true },
+		];
+
+		let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens(tokens, &opt_spec).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::ShortWithArg('o', "output.txt".into())]);
+		let non_opts: Vec<String> = non_opts.into_iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
+		assert!(non_opts.contains(&"file.txt".to_string()));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn tks_long_with_arg() {
+		let tokens = lex("--output result.txt input.txt");
+
+		let opt_spec = vec![
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Long("output".into()), takes_arg: true },
+		];
+
+		let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens(tokens, &opt_spec).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::LongWithArg("output".into(), "result.txt".into())]);
+		let non_opts: Vec<String> = non_opts.into_iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
+		assert!(non_opts.contains(&"input.txt".to_string()));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn tks_double_dash_stops() {
+		let tokens = lex("-v -- -a --foo");
+
+		let opt_spec = vec![
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Short('v'), takes_arg: false },
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Short('a'), takes_arg: false },
+		];
+
+		let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens(tokens, &opt_spec).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::Short('v')]);
+		let non_opts: Vec<String> = non_opts.into_iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
+		assert!(non_opts.contains(&"-a".to_string()));
+		assert!(non_opts.contains(&"--foo".to_string()));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn tks_combined_short_with_spec() {
+		let tokens = lex("-abc");
+
+		let opt_spec = vec![
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Short('a'), takes_arg: false },
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Short('b'), takes_arg: false },
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Short('c'), takes_arg: false },
+		];
+
+		let (_non_opts, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens(tokens, &opt_spec).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::Short('a'), Opt::Short('b'), Opt::Short('c')]);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn tks_unknown_opt_becomes_non_opt() {
+		let tokens = lex("-v -x file");
+
+		let opt_spec = vec![
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Short('v'), takes_arg: false },
+		];
+
+		let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens(tokens, &opt_spec).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(opts, vec![Opt::Short('v')]);
+		// -x is not in spec, so its token goes to non_opts
+		assert!(non_opts.into_iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).any(|s| s == "-x" || s == "file"));
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn tks_mixed_short_and_long_with_args() {
+		let tokens = lex("-n 5 --output file.txt input");
+
+		let opt_spec = vec![
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Short('n'), takes_arg: true },
+			OptSpec { opt: Opt::Long("output".into()), takes_arg: true },
+		];
+
+		let (non_opts, opts) = get_opts_from_tokens(tokens, &opt_spec).unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(opts, vec![
+			Opt::ShortWithArg('n', "5".into()),
+			Opt::LongWithArg("output".into(), "file.txt".into()),
+		]);
+		let non_opts: Vec<String> = non_opts.into_iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
+		assert!(non_opts.contains(&"input".to_string()));
+	}
+}

src/jobs.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+use ariadne::Fmt;
 use scopeguard::defer;
+use yansi::Color;
 
 use crate::{
   libsh::{
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ pub struct RegisteredFd {
   pub owner_pid: Pid,
 }
 
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
 pub struct JobTab {
   fg: Option<Job>,
   order: Vec<usize>,
@@ -724,12 +726,12 @@ impl Job {
       stat_line = format!("{}{} ", pid, stat_line);
       stat_line = format!("{} {}", stat_line, cmd);
       stat_line = match job_stat {
-        WtStat::Stopped(..) | WtStat::Signaled(..) => stat_line.styled(Style::Magenta),
+        WtStat::Stopped(..) | WtStat::Signaled(..) => stat_line.fg(Color::Magenta).to_string(),
         WtStat::Exited(_, code) => match code {
-          0 => stat_line.styled(Style::Green),
-          _ => stat_line.styled(Style::Red),
+          0 => stat_line.fg(Color::Green).to_string(),
+          _ => stat_line.fg(Color::Red).to_string(),
         },
-        _ => stat_line.styled(Style::Cyan),
+        _ => stat_line.fg(Color::Cyan).to_string(),
       };
       if i != 0 {
         let padding = " ".repeat(id_box.len() - 1);

src/libsh/error.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-use ariadne::Color;
+use ariadne::{Color, Fmt};
 use ariadne::{Report, ReportKind};
 use rand::TryRng;
+use yansi::Paint;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
 use crate::procio::RedirGuard;
 use crate::{
-  libsh::term::{Style, Styled},
   parse::lex::{Span, SpanSource},
   prelude::*,
 };
@@ -144,12 +144,13 @@ impl Note {
 
 impl Display for Note {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-    let note = "note".styled(Style::Green);
+    let note = Fmt::fg("note", Color::Green);
     let main = &self.main;
     if self.depth == 0 {
       writeln!(f, "{note}: {main}")?;
     } else {
-      let bar_break = "-".styled(Style::Cyan | Style::Bold);
+      let bar_break = Fmt::fg("-", Color::Cyan);
+			let bar_break = bar_break.bold();
       let indent = "  ".repeat(self.depth);
       writeln!(f, "  {indent}{bar_break} {main}")?;
     }

src/libsh/flog.rs

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-use std::fmt::Display;
-
-use super::term::{Style, Styled};
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, Eq, Debug)]
-#[repr(u8)]
-pub enum ShedLogLevel {
-  NONE = 0,
-  ERROR = 1,
-  WARN = 2,
-  INFO = 3,
-  DEBUG = 4,
-  TRACE = 5,
-}
-
-impl Display for ShedLogLevel {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-    use ShedLogLevel::*;
-    match self {
-      ERROR => write!(f, "{}", "ERROR".styled(Style::Red | Style::Bold)),
-      WARN => write!(f, "{}", "WARN".styled(Style::Yellow | Style::Bold)),
-      INFO => write!(f, "{}", "INFO".styled(Style::Green | Style::Bold)),
-      DEBUG => write!(f, "{}", "DEBUG".styled(Style::Magenta | Style::Bold)),
-      TRACE => write!(f, "{}", "TRACE".styled(Style::Blue | Style::Bold)),
-      NONE => write!(f, ""),
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-pub fn log_level() -> ShedLogLevel {
-  use ShedLogLevel::*;
-  let level = std::env::var("SHED_LOG_LEVEL").unwrap_or_default();
-  match level.to_lowercase().as_str() {
-    "error" => ERROR,
-    "warn" => WARN,
-    "info" => INFO,
-    "debug" => DEBUG,
-    "trace" => TRACE,
-    _ => NONE,
-  }
-}
-
-/// A structured logging macro designed for `shed`.
-///
-/// `flog!` was implemented because `rustyline` uses `env_logger`, which
-/// clutters the debug output. This macro prints log messages in a structured
-/// format, including the log level, filename, and line number.
-///
-/// # Usage
-///
-/// The macro supports three types of arguments:
-///
-/// ## 1. **Formatted Messages**
-/// Similar to `println!` or `format!`, allows embedding values inside a
-/// formatted string.
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// flog!(ERROR, "foo is {}", foo);
-/// ```
-/// **Output:**
-/// ```plaintext
-/// [ERROR][file.rs:10] foo is <value of foo>
-/// ```
-///
-/// ## 2. **Literals**
-/// Directly prints each literal argument as a separate line.
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// flog!(WARN, "foo", "bar");
-/// ```
-/// **Output:**
-/// ```plaintext
-/// [WARN][file.rs:10] foo
-/// [WARN][file.rs:10] bar
-/// ```
-///
-/// ## 3. **Expressions**
-/// Logs the evaluated result of each given expression, displaying both the
-/// expression and its value.
-///
-/// ```rust
-/// flog!(INFO, 1.min(2));
-/// ```
-/// **Output:**
-/// ```plaintext
-/// [INFO][file.rs:10] 1
-/// ```
-///
-/// # Considerations
-/// - This macro uses `eprintln!()` internally, so its formatting rules must be
-///   followed.
-/// - **Literals and formatted messages** require arguments that implement
-///   [`std::fmt::Display`].
-/// - **Expressions** require arguments that implement [`std::fmt::Debug`].
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! flog {
-	($level:path, $fmt:literal, $($args:expr),+ $(,)?) => {{
-		use $crate::libsh::flog::log_level;
-		use $crate::libsh::term::Styled;
-		use $crate::libsh::term::Style;
-
-		if $level <= log_level() {
-			let file = file!().styled(Style::Cyan);
-			let line = line!().to_string().styled(Style::Cyan);
-
-			eprintln!(
-				"[{}][{}:{}] {}",
-				$level, file, line, format!($fmt, $($args),+)
-			);
-		}
-	}};
-
-	($level:path, $($val:expr),+ $(,)?) => {{
-		use $crate::libsh::flog::log_level;
-		use $crate::libsh::term::Styled;
-		use $crate::libsh::term::Style;
-
-		if $level <= log_level() {
-			let file = file!().styled(Style::Cyan);
-			let line = line!().to_string().styled(Style::Cyan);
-
-			$(
-				let val_name = stringify!($val);
-				eprintln!(
-					"[{}][{}:{}] {} = {:#?}",
-					$level, file, line, val_name, &$val
-				);
-			)+
-		}
-	}};
-
-	($level:path, $($lit:literal),+ $(,)?) => {{
-		use $crate::libsh::flog::log_level;
-		use $crate::libsh::term::Styled;
-		use $crate::libsh::term::Style;
-
-		if $level <= log_level() {
-			let file = file!().styled(Style::Cyan);
-			let line = line!().to_string().styled(Style::Cyan);
-
-			$(
-				eprintln!(
-					"[{}][{}:{}] {}",
-					$level, file, line, $lit
-				);
-			)+
-		}
-	}};
-}

src/libsh/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 pub mod error;
-pub mod flog;
 pub mod guards;
 pub mod sys;
 pub mod term;

src/main.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ pub mod shopt;
 pub mod signal;
 pub mod state;
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod testutil;
+
 use std::os::fd::BorrowedFd;
 use std::process::ExitCode;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
@@ -361,11 +364,13 @@ fn handle_readline_event(readline: &mut ShedVi, event: ShResult<ReadlineEvent>)
 
       pre_exec.exec_with(&input);
 
+      // Time this command and temporarily restore cooked terminal mode while it runs.
       let start = Instant::now();
       write_meta(|m| m.start_timer());
       if let Err(e) = RawModeGuard::with_cooked_mode(|| {
         exec_input(input.clone(), None, true, Some("<stdin>".into()))
       }) {
+        // CleanExit signals an intentional shell exit; any other error is printed.
         match e.kind() {
           ShErrKind::CleanExit(code) => {
             QUIT_CODE.store(*code, Ordering::SeqCst);

src/parse/execute.rs

@@ -5,11 +5,10 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use ariadne::Fmt;
-use nix::sys::resource;
 
 use crate::{
   builtin::{
-    alias::{alias, unalias}, arrops::{arr_fpop, arr_fpush, arr_pop, arr_push, arr_rotate}, autocmd::autocmd, cd::cd, complete::{compgen_builtin, complete_builtin}, dirstack::{dirs, popd, pushd}, echo::echo, eval, exec, flowctl::flowctl, getopts::getopts, intro, jobctl::{self, JobBehavior, continue_job, disown, jobs}, keymap, map, pwd::pwd, read::{self, read_builtin}, resource::ulimit, shift::shift, shopt::shopt, source::source, test::double_bracket_test, trap::{TrapTarget, trap}, varcmds::{export, local, readonly, unset}, zoltraak::zoltraak
+    alias::{alias, unalias}, arrops::{arr_fpop, arr_fpush, arr_pop, arr_push, arr_rotate}, autocmd::autocmd, cd::cd, complete::{compgen_builtin, complete_builtin}, dirstack::{dirs, popd, pushd}, echo::echo, eval, exec, flowctl::flowctl, getopts::getopts, intro, jobctl::{self, JobBehavior, continue_job, disown, jobs}, keymap, map, pwd::pwd, read::{self, read_builtin}, resource::ulimit, shift::shift, shopt::shopt, source::source, test::double_bracket_test, trap::{TrapTarget, trap}, varcmds::{export, local, readonly, unset}
   },
   expand::{expand_aliases, expand_case_pattern, glob_to_regex},
   jobs::{ChildProc, JobStack, attach_tty, dispatch_job},
@@ -450,7 +449,6 @@ impl Dispatcher {
     let fork_builtins = brc_grp.flags.contains(NdFlags::FORK_BUILTINS);
 
     self.io_stack.append_to_frame(brc_grp.redirs);
-    if self.interactive {}
     let guard = self.io_stack.pop_frame().redirect()?;
     let brc_grp_logic = |s: &mut Self| -> ShResult<()> {
       for node in body {
@@ -911,7 +909,7 @@ impl Dispatcher {
       "export" => export(cmd),
       "local" => local(cmd),
       "pwd" => pwd(cmd),
-      "source" => source(cmd),
+      "source" | "." => source(cmd),
       "shift" => shift(cmd),
       "fg" => continue_job(cmd, JobBehavior::Foregound),
       "bg" => continue_job(cmd, JobBehavior::Background),
@@ -923,7 +921,6 @@ impl Dispatcher {
       "break" => flowctl(cmd, ShErrKind::LoopBreak(0)),
       "continue" => flowctl(cmd, ShErrKind::LoopContinue(0)),
       "exit" => flowctl(cmd, ShErrKind::CleanExit(0)),
-      "zoltraak" => zoltraak(cmd),
       "shopt" => shopt(cmd),
       "read" => read_builtin(cmd),
       "trap" => trap(cmd),

src/parse/mod.rs

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ use crate::{
 pub mod execute;
 pub mod lex;
 
-pub const TEST_UNARY_OPS: [&str; 21] = [
-  "-a", "-b", "-c", "-d", "-e", "-f", "-g", "-h", "-L", "-k", "-p", "-r", "-s", "-S", "-t", "-u",
-  "-w", "-x", "-O", "-G", "-N",
+pub const TEST_UNARY_OPS: [&str; 23] = [
+  "-a", "-b", "-c", "-d", "-e", "-f", "-g", "-h", "-L", "-k", "-n", "-p", "-r", "-s", "-S", "-t",
+  "-u", "-w", "-x", "-z", "-O", "-G", "-N",
 ];
 
 /// Try to match a specific parsing rule

src/prelude.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,5 @@ pub use nix::{
   },
 };
 
-pub use crate::flog;
-pub use crate::libsh::flog::ShedLogLevel::*;
 
 // Additional utilities, if needed, can be added here

src/procio.rs

@@ -385,3 +385,157 @@ impl Iterator for PipeGenerator {
     Some((rpipe, Some(wpipe)))
   }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod tests {
+	use crate::testutil::{TestGuard, has_cmd, has_cmds, test_input};
+	use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn pipeline_simple() {
+		if !has_cmd("sed") { return };
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input("echo foo | sed 's/foo/bar/'").unwrap();
+
+		let out = g.read_output();
+		assert_eq!(out, "bar\n");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn pipeline_multi() {
+		if !has_cmds(&[
+			"cut",
+			"sed"
+		]) { return; }
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input("echo foo bar baz | cut -d ' ' -f 2 | sed 's/a/A/'").unwrap();
+
+		let out = g.read_output();
+		assert_eq!(out, "bAr\n");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn rube_goldberg_pipeline() {
+		if !has_cmds(&[
+			"sed",
+			"cat",
+		]) { return }
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input("{ echo foo; echo bar } | if cat; then :; else echo failed; fi | (read line && echo $line | sed 's/foo/baz/'; sed 's/bar/buzz/')").unwrap();
+
+		let out = g.read_output();
+		assert_eq!(out, "baz\nbuzz\n");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn simple_file_redir() {
+		let mut g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input("echo this is in a file > /tmp/simple_file_redir.txt").unwrap();
+
+		g.add_cleanup(|| { std::fs::remove_file("/tmp/simple_file_redir.txt").ok(); });
+		let contents = std::fs::read_to_string("/tmp/simple_file_redir.txt").unwrap();
+
+		assert_eq!(contents, "this is in a file\n");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn append_file_redir() {
+		let dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path = dir.path().join("append.txt");
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input(format!("echo first > {}", path.display())).unwrap();
+		test_input(format!("echo second >> {}", path.display())).unwrap();
+
+		let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(contents, "first\nsecond\n");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn input_redir() {
+		if !has_cmd("cat") { return; }
+		let dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path = dir.path().join("input.txt");
+		std::fs::write(&path, "hello from file\n").unwrap();
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input(format!("cat < {}", path.display())).unwrap();
+
+		let out = g.read_output();
+		assert_eq!(out, "hello from file\n");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn stderr_redir_to_file() {
+		let dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path = dir.path().join("err.txt");
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input(format!("echo error msg 2> {} >&2", path.display())).unwrap();
+
+		let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(contents, "error msg\n");
+		// stdout should be empty since we redirected to stderr
+		let out = g.read_output();
+		assert_eq!(out, "");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn pipe_and_stderr() {
+		if !has_cmd("cat") { return; }
+		let g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input("echo on stderr >&2 |& cat").unwrap();
+
+		let out = g.read_output();
+		assert_eq!(out, "on stderr\n");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn output_redir_clobber() {
+		let dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path = dir.path().join("clobber.txt");
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input(format!("echo first > {}", path.display())).unwrap();
+		test_input(format!("echo second > {}", path.display())).unwrap();
+
+		let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap();
+		assert_eq!(contents, "second\n");
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn pipeline_preserves_exit_status() {
+		if !has_cmd("cat") { return; }
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		test_input("false | cat").unwrap();
+
+		// Pipeline exit status is the last command
+		let status = crate::state::get_status();
+		assert_eq!(status, 0);
+
+		test_input("cat < /dev/null | false").unwrap();
+
+		let status = crate::state::get_status();
+		assert_ne!(status, 0);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn fd_duplication() {
+		let dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
+		let path = dir.path().join("dup.txt");
+		let _g = TestGuard::new();
+
+		// Redirect stdout to file, then dup stderr to stdout — both should go to file
+		test_input(format!("{{ echo out; echo err >&2 }} > {} 2>&1", path.display())).unwrap();
+
+		let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap();
+		assert!(contents.contains("out"));
+		assert!(contents.contains("err"));
+	}
+}

src/readline/complete.rs

@@ -101,6 +101,21 @@ pub fn complete_vars(start: &str) -> Vec<String> {
   })
 }
 
+pub fn complete_vars_raw(raw: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+  if !read_vars(|v| v.get_var(raw)).is_empty() {
+    return vec![];
+  }
+  // if we are here, we have a variable substitution that isn't complete
+  // so let's try to complete it
+  read_vars(|v| {
+    v.flatten_vars()
+      .keys()
+      .filter(|k| k.starts_with(raw) && *k != raw)
+      .map(|k| k.to_string())
+      .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+  })
+}
+
 pub fn extract_var_name(text: &str) -> Option<(String, usize, usize)> {
   let mut chars = text.chars().peekable();
   let mut name = String::new();
@@ -422,7 +437,7 @@ impl CompSpec for BashCompSpec {
       candidates.extend(complete_commands(&expanded));
     }
     if self.vars {
-      candidates.extend(complete_vars(&expanded));
+      candidates.extend(complete_vars_raw(&expanded));
     }
     if self.users {
       candidates.extend(complete_users(&expanded));

src/readline/history.rs

@@ -466,3 +466,125 @@ impl History {
     Ok(())
   }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::*;
+  use crate::{state, testutil::TestGuard};
+  use scopeguard::guard;
+  use std::{env, fs, path::Path, sync::Mutex};
+  use tempfile::tempdir;
+
+  fn with_env_var(key: &str, val: &str) -> impl Drop {
+    let prev = env::var(key).ok();
+    unsafe {
+      env::set_var(key, val);
+    }
+    guard(prev, move |p| match p {
+      Some(v) => unsafe {
+        env::set_var(key, v)
+      },
+      None => unsafe {
+        env::remove_var(key)
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
+  /// Temporarily mutate shell options for a test and restore the
+  /// previous values when the returned guard is dropped.
+  fn with_shopts(modifier: impl FnOnce(&mut crate::shopt::ShOpts)) -> impl Drop {
+    let original = state::read_shopts(|s| s.clone());
+    state::write_shopts(|s| modifier(s));
+    guard(original, |orig| {
+      state::write_shopts(|s| *s = orig);
+    })
+  }
+
+  fn write_history_file(path: &Path) {
+    fs::write(
+      path,
+      [
+        ": 1;1;first\n",
+        ": 2;1;second\n",
+        ": 3;1;third\n",
+      ]
+      .concat(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn history_new_respects_max_hist_limit() {
+    let _lock = TestGuard::new();
+    let tmp = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let hist_path = tmp.path().join("history");
+    write_history_file(&hist_path);
+
+    let _env_guard = with_env_var("SHEDHIST", hist_path.to_str().unwrap());
+    let _opts_guard = with_shopts(|s| {
+      s.core.max_hist = 2;
+      s.core.hist_ignore_dupes = true;
+    });
+
+    let history = History::new().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(history.entries.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(history.search_mask.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(history.cursor, 2);
+    assert_eq!(history.max_size, Some(2));
+    assert!(history.ignore_dups);
+    assert!(history.pending.is_none());
+    assert_eq!(history.entries[0].command(), "second");
+    assert_eq!(history.entries[1].command(), "third");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn history_new_keeps_all_when_unlimited() {
+    let _lock = TestGuard::new();
+    let tmp = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let hist_path = tmp.path().join("history");
+    write_history_file(&hist_path);
+
+    let _env_guard = with_env_var("SHEDHIST", hist_path.to_str().unwrap());
+    let _opts_guard = with_shopts(|s| {
+      s.core.max_hist = -1;
+      s.core.hist_ignore_dupes = false;
+    });
+
+    let history = History::new().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(history.entries.len(), 3);
+    assert_eq!(history.search_mask.len(), 3);
+    assert_eq!(history.cursor, 3);
+    assert_eq!(history.max_size, None);
+    assert!(!history.ignore_dups);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn history_new_dedupes_search_mask_to_latest_occurrence() {
+    let _lock = TestGuard::new();
+    let tmp = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let hist_path = tmp.path().join("history");
+    fs::write(
+      &hist_path,
+      [
+        ": 1;1;repeat\n",
+        ": 2;1;unique\n",
+        ": 3;1;repeat\n",
+      ]
+      .concat(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+
+    let _env_guard = with_env_var("SHEDHIST", hist_path.to_str().unwrap());
+    let _opts_guard = with_shopts(|s| {
+      s.core.max_hist = 10;
+    });
+
+    let history = History::new().unwrap();
+
+    let masked: Vec<_> = history.search_mask.iter().map(|e| e.command()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(masked, vec!["unique", "repeat"]);
+    assert_eq!(history.cursor, history.search_mask.len());
+  }
+}

src/shopt.rs

@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ pub struct ShOptCore {
   pub auto_hist: bool,
   pub bell_enabled: bool,
   pub max_recurse_depth: usize,
+  pub xpg_echo: bool,
 }
 
 impl ShOptCore {
@@ -184,6 +185,12 @@ impl ShOptCore {
             "shopt: expected an integer for max_hist value (-1 for unlimited)",
           ));
         };
+				if val < -1 {
+					return Err(ShErr::simple(
+						ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
+						"shopt: expected a non-negative integer or -1 for max_hist value",
+					));
+				}
         self.max_hist = val;
       }
       "interactive_comments" => {
@@ -222,6 +229,15 @@ impl ShOptCore {
         };
         self.max_recurse_depth = val;
       }
+      "xpg_echo" => {
+        let Ok(val) = val.parse::<bool>() else {
+          return Err(ShErr::simple(
+            ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
+            "shopt: expected 'true' or 'false' for xpg_echo value",
+          ));
+        };
+        self.xpg_echo = val;
+      }
       _ => {
         return Err(ShErr::simple(
           ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
@@ -283,6 +299,11 @@ impl ShOptCore {
         output.push_str(&format!("{}", self.max_recurse_depth));
         Ok(Some(output))
       }
+      "xpg_echo" => {
+        let mut output = String::from("Whether echo expands escape sequences by default\n");
+        output.push_str(&format!("{}", self.xpg_echo));
+        Ok(Some(output))
+      }
       _ => Err(ShErr::simple(
         ShErrKind::SyntaxErr,
         format!("shopt: Unexpected 'core' option '{query}'"),
@@ -305,6 +326,7 @@ impl Display for ShOptCore {
     output.push(format!("auto_hist = {}", self.auto_hist));
     output.push(format!("bell_enabled = {}", self.bell_enabled));
     output.push(format!("max_recurse_depth = {}", self.max_recurse_depth));
+    output.push(format!("xpg_echo = {}", self.xpg_echo));
 
     let final_output = output.join("\n");
 
@@ -323,6 +345,7 @@ impl Default for ShOptCore {
       auto_hist: true,
       bell_enabled: true,
       max_recurse_depth: 1000,
+      xpg_echo: false,
     }
   }
 }
@@ -517,3 +540,128 @@ impl Default for ShOptPrompt {
     }
   }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::*;
+
+  #[test]
+  fn all_core_fields_covered() {
+      let ShOptCore {
+          dotglob, autocd, hist_ignore_dupes, max_hist,
+          interactive_comments, auto_hist, bell_enabled, max_recurse_depth,
+          xpg_echo,
+      } = ShOptCore::default();
+      // If a field is added to the struct, this destructure fails to compile.
+      let _ = (
+				dotglob,
+				autocd,
+				hist_ignore_dupes,
+				max_hist,
+				interactive_comments,
+				auto_hist,
+				bell_enabled,
+				max_recurse_depth,
+				xpg_echo,
+			);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn set_and_get_core_bool() {
+    let mut opts = ShOpts::default();
+    assert!(!opts.core.dotglob);
+
+    opts.set("core.dotglob", "true").unwrap();
+    assert!(opts.core.dotglob);
+
+    opts.set("core.dotglob", "false").unwrap();
+    assert!(!opts.core.dotglob);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn set_and_get_core_int() {
+    let mut opts = ShOpts::default();
+    assert_eq!(opts.core.max_hist, 10_000);
+
+    opts.set("core.max_hist", "500").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.core.max_hist, 500);
+
+    opts.set("core.max_hist", "-1").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.core.max_hist, -1);
+
+		assert!(opts.set("core.max_hist", "-500").is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn set_and_get_prompt_opts() {
+    let mut opts = ShOpts::default();
+
+    opts.set("prompt.edit_mode", "emacs").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(opts.prompt.edit_mode, ShedEditMode::Emacs));
+
+    opts.set("prompt.edit_mode", "vi").unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(opts.prompt.edit_mode, ShedEditMode::Vi));
+
+    opts.set("prompt.comp_limit", "50").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.prompt.comp_limit, 50);
+
+    opts.set("prompt.leader", "space").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(opts.prompt.leader, "space");
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn query_set_returns_none() {
+    let mut opts = ShOpts::default();
+    let result = opts.query("core.autocd=true").unwrap();
+    assert!(result.is_none());
+    assert!(opts.core.autocd);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn query_get_returns_some() {
+    let opts = ShOpts::default();
+    let result = opts.get("core.dotglob").unwrap();
+    assert!(result.is_some());
+    let text = result.unwrap();
+    assert!(text.contains("false"));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn invalid_category_errors() {
+    let mut opts = ShOpts::default();
+    assert!(opts.set("bogus.dotglob", "true").is_err());
+    assert!(opts.get("bogus.dotglob").is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn invalid_option_errors() {
+    let mut opts = ShOpts::default();
+    assert!(opts.set("core.nonexistent", "true").is_err());
+    assert!(opts.set("prompt.nonexistent", "true").is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn invalid_value_errors() {
+    let mut opts = ShOpts::default();
+    assert!(opts.set("core.dotglob", "notabool").is_err());
+    assert!(opts.set("core.max_hist", "notanint").is_err());
+    assert!(opts.set("core.max_recurse_depth", "-5").is_err());
+    assert!(opts.set("prompt.edit_mode", "notepad").is_err());
+    assert!(opts.set("prompt.comp_limit", "abc").is_err());
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn get_category_lists_all() {
+    let opts = ShOpts::default();
+    let core_output = opts.get("core").unwrap().unwrap();
+    assert!(core_output.contains("dotglob"));
+    assert!(core_output.contains("autocd"));
+    assert!(core_output.contains("max_hist"));
+    assert!(core_output.contains("bell_enabled"));
+
+    let prompt_output = opts.get("prompt").unwrap().unwrap();
+    assert!(prompt_output.contains("edit_mode"));
+    assert!(prompt_output.contains("comp_limit"));
+    assert!(prompt_output.contains("highlight"));
+  }
+}

src/state.rs

@@ -32,12 +32,20 @@ use crate::{
   shopt::ShOpts,
 };
 
+thread_local! {
+  pub static SHED: Shed = Shed::new();
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone,Debug)]
 pub struct Shed {
   pub jobs: RefCell<JobTab>,
   pub var_scopes: RefCell<ScopeStack>,
   pub meta: RefCell<MetaTab>,
   pub logic: RefCell<LogTab>,
   pub shopts: RefCell<ShOpts>,
+
+	#[cfg(test)]
+	saved: RefCell<Option<Box<Self>>>,
 }
 
 impl Shed {
@@ -48,6 +56,9 @@ impl Shed {
       meta: RefCell::new(MetaTab::new()),
       logic: RefCell::new(LogTab::new()),
       shopts: RefCell::new(ShOpts::default()),
+
+			#[cfg(test)]
+			saved: RefCell::new(None),
     }
   }
 }
@@ -58,6 +69,31 @@ impl Default for Shed {
   }
 }
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+impl Shed {
+	pub fn save(&self) {
+		let saved = Self {
+			jobs: RefCell::new(self.jobs.borrow().clone()),
+			var_scopes: RefCell::new(self.var_scopes.borrow().clone()),
+			meta: RefCell::new(self.meta.borrow().clone()),
+			logic: RefCell::new(self.logic.borrow().clone()),
+			shopts: RefCell::new(self.shopts.borrow().clone()),
+			saved: RefCell::new(None),
+		};
+		*self.saved.borrow_mut() = Some(Box::new(saved));
+	}
+
+	pub fn restore(&self) {
+		if let Some(saved) = self.saved.take() {
+			*self.jobs.borrow_mut() = saved.jobs.into_inner();
+			*self.var_scopes.borrow_mut() = saved.var_scopes.into_inner();
+			*self.meta.borrow_mut() = saved.meta.into_inner();
+			*self.logic.borrow_mut() = saved.logic.into_inner();
+			*self.shopts.borrow_mut() = saved.shopts.into_inner();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 #[derive(Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum ShellParam {
   // Global
@@ -485,10 +521,6 @@ impl ScopeStack {
   }
 }
 
-thread_local! {
-  pub static SHED: Shed = Shed::new();
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct ShAlias {
   pub body: String,
@@ -1258,7 +1290,7 @@ impl VarTab {
 }
 
 /// A table of metadata for the shell
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
 pub struct MetaTab {
   // command running duration
   runtime_start: Option<Instant>,

src/testutil.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+use std::{
+	collections::HashMap,
+	env,
+	os::fd::{AsRawFd, OwnedFd},
+	path::PathBuf,
+	sync::{self, MutexGuard},
+};
+
+use nix::{
+	fcntl::{FcntlArg, OFlag, fcntl},
+	pty::openpty,
+	sys::termios::{OutputFlags, SetArg, tcgetattr, tcsetattr},
+	unistd::read,
+};
+
+use crate::{
+	libsh::error::ShResult,
+	parse::{Redir, RedirType, execute::exec_input},
+	procio::{IoFrame, IoMode, RedirGuard},
+	state::{MetaTab, SHED},
+};
+
+static TEST_MUTEX: sync::Mutex<()> = sync::Mutex::new(());
+
+pub fn has_cmds(cmds: &[&str]) -> bool {
+	let path_cmds = MetaTab::get_cmds_in_path();
+	path_cmds.iter().all(|c| cmds.iter().any(|&cmd| c == cmd))
+}
+
+pub fn has_cmd(cmd: &str) -> bool {
+	MetaTab::get_cmds_in_path().into_iter().any(|c| c == cmd)
+}
+
+pub fn test_input(input: impl Into<String>) -> ShResult<()> {
+	exec_input(input.into(), None, true, None)
+}
+
+pub struct TestGuard {
+	_lock: MutexGuard<'static, ()>,
+	_redir_guard: RedirGuard,
+	old_cwd: PathBuf,
+	saved_env: HashMap<String, String>,
+	pty_master: OwnedFd,
+	pty_slave: OwnedFd,
+
+	cleanups: Vec<Box<dyn FnOnce()>>
+}
+
+impl TestGuard {
+	pub fn new() -> Self {
+		let _lock = TEST_MUTEX.lock().unwrap();
+
+		let pty = openpty(None, None).unwrap();
+		let (pty_master,pty_slave) = (pty.master, pty.slave);
+		let mut attrs = tcgetattr(&pty_slave).unwrap();
+		attrs.output_flags &= !OutputFlags::ONLCR;
+		tcsetattr(&pty_slave, SetArg::TCSANOW, &attrs).unwrap();
+
+		let mut frame = IoFrame::new();
+		frame.push(
+			Redir::new(
+				IoMode::Fd {
+					tgt_fd: 0,
+					src_fd: pty_slave.as_raw_fd(),
+				},
+				RedirType::Input,
+			),
+		);
+		frame.push(
+			Redir::new(
+				IoMode::Fd {
+					tgt_fd: 1,
+					src_fd: pty_slave.as_raw_fd(),
+				},
+				RedirType::Output,
+			),
+		);
+		frame.push(
+			Redir::new(
+				IoMode::Fd {
+					tgt_fd: 2,
+					src_fd: pty_slave.as_raw_fd(),
+				},
+				RedirType::Output,
+			),
+		);
+
+		let _redir_guard = frame.redirect().unwrap();
+
+		let old_cwd = env::current_dir().unwrap();
+		let saved_env = env::vars().collect();
+		SHED.with(|s| s.save());
+		Self {
+			_lock,
+			_redir_guard,
+			old_cwd,
+			saved_env,
+			pty_master,
+			pty_slave,
+			cleanups: vec![],
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn add_cleanup(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce() + 'static) {
+		self.cleanups.push(Box::new(f));
+	}
+
+	pub fn read_output(&self) -> String {
+		let flags = fcntl(self.pty_master.as_raw_fd(), FcntlArg::F_GETFL).unwrap();
+		let flags = OFlag::from_bits_truncate(flags);
+		fcntl(
+			self.pty_master.as_raw_fd(),
+			FcntlArg::F_SETFL(flags | OFlag::O_NONBLOCK),
+		).unwrap();
+
+		let mut out = vec![];
+		let mut buf = [0;4096];
+		loop {
+			match read(self.pty_master.as_raw_fd(), &mut buf) {
+				Ok(0) => break,
+				Ok(n) => out.extend_from_slice(&buf[..n]),
+				Err(_) => break,
+			}
+		}
+
+		fcntl(
+			self.pty_master.as_raw_fd(),
+			FcntlArg::F_SETFL(flags),
+		).unwrap();
+
+		String::from_utf8_lossy(&out).to_string()
+	}
+}
+
+impl Default for TestGuard {
+	fn default() -> Self {
+		Self::new()
+	}
+}
+
+impl Drop for TestGuard {
+	fn drop(&mut self) {
+		env::set_current_dir(&self.old_cwd).ok();
+		for (k, _) in env::vars() {
+			unsafe { env::remove_var(&k); }
+		}
+		for (k, v) in &self.saved_env {
+			unsafe { env::set_var(k, v); }
+		}
+		for cleanup in self.cleanups.drain(..).rev() {
+			cleanup();
+		}
+		SHED.with(|s| s.restore());
+	}
+}